Cell Structure

Ribosomes

Translation

Initiator tRNA

large ribosomal subunit

translation initiation complex

Amino Acid

Protein

Free Ribosome

Bound ribosomes

vesicles

lysosomes

enzymes

Small subunit

chloroplasts

Stroma

light reactions

Thylakoids

Photosynthesis

electron transport chain

Photosystem I

NADPH

Calvin Cycle

G3P

Glucose

Starch

cytochrome complex

H+ pump

ATP Synthase

Chemiosmosis

ATP

Nucleus

DNA

Replication

Elongation

DNA polymerase

Okazaki Fragments

Leading strand

Lagging strand

Transcription

mRNA

Mutations

Cancer

Gene Expression

Lac Operon

Repressor

Operator

Lactose

Glucose

Galactose

Trp operon

Cell Membrane

Mitochondria

Cellular respiration

electron transport chain

Glycolysis

Krebs Cycle

Chemiosmosis

ATP

Golgi bodies

Endoplasmic Reticulum

cytoplasm

cellular respiration

Cell Communication

Paracrine signaling

Synapse

Action potential

Ion-gated channels

transport proteins

integral protiens

passive transport

diffusion

active transport

receptor proteins

ligand binds

activate GPCR

GProtien

Adenyl Cyclase

CAMP

Phosphorylation cascade

Transcription Factors

CAP

Binds to operator

RNA POL Binds

Allolactose

operon on

Prokaryotic transcription

activate TKR

endocrine signaling

Growth Hormone

diffuses through membrane

phospholipid bilayer

attaches to DNA as
transcription factor

binds to enhancers

distal control elements

Specific transcription factors

DNA Binding Protien

RNA Pol Binds to Promoter

eukaryotic transcription

mediator proteins and
general transcription factors

proximal control elements

Cell cycle

Gamete

Haploid cells

Initiation

helicase

ORI

Replication Bubble

Topimerase

SSBP

Primase

RNA sequences

Termination

ligase

exonuclease

telomerase

density-dependent inhibition

lack of these dependencies

anchorage dependence

cell divison

chromosomes

interphase

G1

Synthesis

G2

Mitosis

somatic cells

Diploid cells

Meiosis I

Meiosis II

Germ cell

egg

sperm