Cells

What are cells?

Cells are the the things that make up our entire body. Every living thing has cells. Cells are incredibly tiny and most living things are made of billions. All cells start at one and slit off in to many more. All cells have a cell membrane, DNA and cytoplasm.

Types of cells

Eukaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells are more advanced cells belonging to plants and animals.

Prokaryotic

They don't have a nucleus or organelles. Belongs to one celled organisms like bacteria.

What's in a cell?

Membrane: Separates inside of cells from enviroment.

Cytoplasm: A jelly like fluid surrounding the nucleus.

DNA: Cells genetic material. Usually contained in nucleus except in prokaryoitc cells. Tells the cell what to do and what to become.

Nucleus: Centre of cell holding genetic material.

Organelle: It means tiny organ. It is a part of cell the cell that includes the nucleus and other special parts of the cell. Each miny organ have important jobs to do. Only in eukaryotic cells.

Chromatin: Spread out form of DNA found in nuclear membrane.

Chromosomes: Condensed DNA created when the cells are ready to split.

Nucleolus: Where ribosomes are made.

Ribosomes: Create protein.

Endoplasmic Reticulum: Membrane enclosed passageway for transporting materials like proteins made by ribosomes. Two types of ERS smooth and rough. Smooth ER doesn't have ribosomes.

Golgi Apparatus: Receives proteins from the ER and turns them into usable shapes for the cell or ads things to the cell like lipids carbohydrates.

Vacuoles: Stores materials in cell.

Lysosome: Collects garbage in the cell.

Mitochondrian: Creates energy for cells.

Cytoskeleton: Holds the cell together using microfilaments.

Chloroplast: Exclusive to plant cells. Chloroplast is where photosynthesis happens. It's also full of green pigment making it green.

Cell Wall: Exclusive to plants, creates a wall around the membrane.