classification of descriptive studies

Individual case report studies.

A comprehensive description is provided

background
symptoms
treatments received
results

Attention is paid to the clinical context of the case

detailed analysis of the collected data

They focus on analyzing a single case in detail.

Qualitative and/or quantitative data is collected about the case

interviews
Medical records
clinic tests

Ecological population studies.

observational design

They observe and analyze existing data rather than intervene

have limitations in causal inference

use secondary data

censuses
health records
demographic surveys
government databases

Correlations are sought between variables at the population level.

Attention is paid to contextual factors

analyze aggregate data at the population or group level

Different populations or groups can be compared

Surveillance or supervision study

CHARACTERISTICS

designed to detect sudden disease outbreaks

are carried out over long periods

The collected data is analyzed to identify trends, patterns or changes in the condition or phenomenon under study

are often adaptable to respond to changes in conditions of interest or research needs

continuous monitoring of a condition, disease, behavior or phenomenon over time

Data is collected systematically and regularly

Individual Studies Case Series

patients is to share clinical or therapeutic aspects in common

Es útil para el estudio de una enfermedad poco frecuente

They are characterized by describing the phenomena or characteristics of a disease in a certain time and space.

no comparison group

observational descriptive

Individual Cross Section Studies

estimate the magnitude and distribution of a disease or health condition

An adequate temporal relationship cannot be established

It is an observational study

Does not randomly assign subjects to study groups

It is a simultaneous study

All measurements are made on one occasion

variable both in its outcome and exposure