Section A, Question 2:

Does harsher punishment lead to issues of discrimination?

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The question covers Question 2 in Section A of the exam. Specifically, the critical analysis of the impact and cause of bias within the process of crime and punishment and how particular sections of society are singled out for harsher punishment. Therefore, the mind map helps to-Critically analyse the possible impact of bias practices, attitudes and processes in the application of punishment.Critically evaluate the possible causes of bias practices in the application of punishment.Provide a radical critique of the cause of such bias practices with reference to the main contributions from penal philosophers.

CRITICALLY ANALYSE

Which process or application of punishment does your example relate to?

At which stage of the process of criminal justice/punishment does this occur?

Critically analyse the possible impact of biased practices/harsher punishment on the individual/group of individuals.

Does it lead to issues of?:

Injustice
Inequality
Disproportionality
Racism
Breaches in Rights
Discrimination

CRITICALLY EVALUATE

Critically evaluate the possible causes of the biased practice/harsher punishment.

Provide a radical critique that the system functions to reinforce the position of powerful sections of society over the less powerful by drawing on the work of penal philosophers such as Prof. Joe Sim in 'Punishment: A Failed Social Experiment'.

Critically evaluate the belief that such biases in practice and punishment are a result of:

Stereotypes
Attitudes of Sentencers
Policing Practices
Labels
Perceptions
Penal Populism

CONCLUDE

Recap the Aims

Objectives

Summarise main points of critical analysis

Summarise main points of critical evaluation