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Personalized

Collaborating Filtering

Memory Based

User

Item

Model Based

Matrix Factorization Based

Funk Matrix Factorization

SVD/SVD++

PMF/Bayesian PMF/ Non Linear PMF

None Negative MF

ALS

FM

FFM

RankFM

LTFM

BMF

Slope One

RMF

NPCA

IMF/BPR

Content Based Filtering

Item-Centric

User-Centric

Hybrid Methods

Meta-level

Feature combination

Feature augmentation

Mixed hybridization

Cascade hybridization

Switching hybridization

Weighted hybridization

Deep Learning Based

LLM Empowerd

Non-personalized

Most Popular Items
Recommendation

LightFM

Hybrid matrix factorization

Outperforms both collaborative and content-based models in cold-start or sparse interaction data scenarios

Semantic features encoding

can be used for related recommendation tasks such as tag recommendations

Provide several evaluation metrics

auc_score

precision_at_k

recall_at_k

reciprocal_rank

Implicit feedback recommender

Implements WARP (Weighted Approximate-Rank Pairwise) loss

Paralellized via HOGWILD SGD.

Battle tested by many developers and is very very fast

Different loss functions

logistic: useful when both positive (1) and negative (-1) interactions are present.

BPR: Bayesian Personalised Ranking 1 pairwise loss. Maximises the prediction difference between a positive example and a randomly chosen negative example.

WARP: Weighted Approximate-Rank Pairwise 2 loss. Maximises the rank of positive examples by repeatedly sampling negative examples until rank violating one is found. Useful when only positive interactions are present and optimising the top of the recommendation list (precision@k) is desired.

k-OS WARP: k-th order statistic loss 3. A modification of WARP that uses the k-th positive example for any given user as a basis for pairwise updates.

Deep Learning

Multi-Layer Perceptron Based Recommendation

NCF

DeepFM

Autoencoder Based Recommendation

AutoRec

Multi-VAE and Multi-DAE

CNN Based Recommendation

RNN Based Recommendation

GRU4Rec

Restricted Boltzmann Machines Based Recommendation

Neural Attention Models Based Recommendation

Attentive Collaborative Filtering

Hashtag Recommendation with
Topical Attention-Based LSTM

Neural AutoRegressive Based Recommendation

Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Recommendation

DRN

DEERS

Adversarial Networks Based Recommendation