Darwin's Theory of Evolution

different patterns of NATURAL
selection are seen:

when selection favors individuals with more extreme variation and eliminates the rest

when there is preference by one sex, for certain characteristics of individuals, of the other sex

when selection eliminates intermediate types, environment can favour
more than one phenotype

an evolutionary pattern in which an accumulation of differences between groups leads to the formation of a new species

an evolutionary pattern in which geographically isolated species evolve similar phenotypes due to similar selective pressures

an evolutionary pattern in which one species evolves in response to the evolutionary changes occurring in another species

evolutionary pattern in which a common ancestral species evolves into multiple new species that are distinct but closely related

when different groups within one species evolve to become different from each other it is the origin of a new species

in a species individuals must be able to freely breed under natural conditions and produce fertile offspring

organisms have other relationships; ex. one organism benefits and
the other is not affected

controlled breeding in which
individuals that exhibit a particular trait are chosen as parents of the next generation

a model of speciation when 2 populations become geographically separated and mutations occur until the populations are reproductively isolated

causes speciation to occur as it requires groups to evolve with differences from each other; this happens when there is a change in population's allele frequency due to chance

when rare alleles are eliminated and there is a loss in genetic diversity because of a huge reduction in population size due to a chance event

when loss of genetic diversity of the original population is caused by small + random sample of a population that colonizes an area

changes that occur over time are caused by genetic variation which is due to different versions of genes

new alleles/genes are created that changes the DNA of an organism to INCREASE survival rate, reproduction rate and passes mutation to offspring

beneficial mutations spread through: ↓

a type of reproductive isolation (where 2 organisms are unable to reproduce due to a physical/ behavioral barrier) that happens before the zygote is formed

a type of reproductive isolation (where 2 organisms are unable to reproduce due to a physical/ behavioral barrier) that happens after the zygote is formed

after the zygote has been formed a hybrid organism is born but dies in early development

new alleles/genes are created that changes the DNA of an organism to DECREASE survival rate, reproduction rate and eliminates the mutation

evidence of evolution is notable when:

a species that shares a common ancestor has similar structures that
suggests a common evolutionary origin

a type of homologous structure that is the remnants of structures that may have had important functions in an ancestral species but have no clear function in modern descendants

a species that has evolved independently to have features with the same function which suggests a distant evolutionary relationship