Energy

ENERGY: the ability to do work

ENERGY TRANSFORMATION: changing energy from one form to another

CONSERVATION OF ENERGY: the total energy of an isolated system remains constant over time (K1 + U1 = K2 + U2)

WORK: the transfer of energy that occurs when force is applied on an object (measured in Joules) (W = Fs)

KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY: scientific model that explains the behavior of gases based on the motion of their particles

POWER: the rate at which work is done or the rate at which energy is transferred or transformed (measured in Watts) ( P = E/t)

EFFICIENCY: how well a system or device converts input energy into useful output energy

MECHANICAL ENERGY: sum of gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy (E = KE + PE)

GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY: energy associated with an object and its force field (PE=mgh)

REFERENCE LEVEL: the surface of the Earth

KINETIC ENERGY: energy an object possesses due to its motion (KE= 1/2mv^2)

TEMPERATURE

HEAT: form of energy associated with the motions of atoms in matter.

THERMAL ENERGY: energy coming from the movement of particles

SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY: amount of heat energy required to raise temperature of substance by 1 degree celsius. (Q=mcΔT)

MEASURED IN: Fahrenheit (F°), Celsius (C°), and Kelvin (K)

HEAT TRANSFER: Heat is transferred between different objects at different temperatures through conduction, convection, and radiation.

CONDUCTION: heat trasnfer through direct contact

RADIATION: heat transfer through electromagnetic waves

CONVECTION: heat transfer through fluids