Chains

Chain with higher IUPAC priority

CIS (Z)
TRANS (E)

If double bonded Isomer

Side chain

No space
Exception: ester

Main chain

Types

Primary
One C-N Bond on N

Secondary
Two C-N Bonds on N

Tertiary
Three C-N Bonds on N

Chain with lower IUPAC priority

IUPAC naming priorities

Carboxylic acid
Ester
Amide
Aldehyde
Ketone
Alcohol
Amine
Alkene
Alkyne
Alkane
Ether
Alkyl Halide

Highest priority=main chain
Rest= side chain

Longest chain= main chain

Side chain

position on main chain

"#-"
"#,#-"
"#,#,#-"
etc...

If nitrogen is present
"N-"
"N,N-"
"N,N,N-"
etc

Number of functional group

2=di
3=tri
4=tetra
5=penta
6=hexa
7=hepta
8=octa
9=nona
10=deca

Side chain suffix

Functional groups
NH2=amino
OH=hydroxy
NO2=nitro
Benene=phenyl
Alkane= #C+yl
Ester=#C+yl
Ether=#C+oxy
Br=bromo
Cl=Chloro
F=fluoro
I=Iodo

If ring shaped,
cyclo

# of carbons
1=meth-
2=eth=
3==prop-
4==but-
5=pent-
6=hex-
7=hept
8=oct-
9=non-
10=dec -

Important
Name all identical chains at once
Order alphabetically

Main chain

Contains nitrogen

Amide
Amine+Carboxylic acid
Ex: methanamide

Amine
Nitrogen attached to the carbon group
Has a bad smell
Ex: trymethylamine

Contains oxygen

Ether
Two hydrocarbon groups linked by an oxygen
Ex: ethoxyethane

Alcohol
Contains one or more hydroxyl groups
Ex: ethanol

Primary

C with OH has one C-C bond

Secondary

C with OH has two C-C bonds

Tertiary

C with OH has three C-C bonds

Ester
Alcohol+carboxylic acid
Fruity smell
Ex: ethyl acetate

Carboxylic acid
Contains carboxylic group
Oxidation of aldehyde
Ex: ethanoic acid

Ketone
Contains carbonyl group
Oxidation of secondary alcohol
Ex: ethanone

B.P
Carboxylic acid>
Alcohol>
Aldehyde/
Ketone/
Ester>
Ether

Adehyde
Contains carbonyl group
Oxidation of primary alcohol
Ex: Ethanal

Hydrocarbons

Alkyne

sp hybridized
Ex: ethyne

Alkene

sp2 hybridized
Ex: ethene

Shapes
Cis: larger functional groups on same side of double bond
Trans: larger functional groups on opposite side of double bond

Benzene

Carbon chain forma a ring with three double bonds and a graphene layer
Ex:methylbenzene

Cyclic Alkane

Carbon chain forms a ring
Ex: cyclohexane

Alkane

sp3 hybridized
Ex: ethane

Note: very non polar due to weak delta positive hydrogen

Naming

# of carbons

1=meth-
2=eth=
3==prop-
4==but-
5=pent-
6=hex-
7=hept
8=oct-
9=non-
10=dec -

Cyclo if ring shaped

Special benzenes
Benzene
Toluene
Phenol

Position of double/triple bond

"#-"
"#,#-"
"#,#,#-"
etc...

Number of double/triple bond

2=di
3=tri
4=tetra
5=penta
6=hexa
7=hepta
8=octa
9=nona
10=deca

Alkyl groups

Alkane=an
Alkene=en
Alkyne=yn

Sufix(Functional group)

Carboxylic acid=-oic acid
Ester=-onate
Amide=-Amide
Aldehyde=-al
Ketone=-one
Alcohol=-ol
Amide=-Amide
Hydrocarbon =-e