Lipid Map

Lipid Groups

Waxes

Two monomers

One fatty acid bonded through an ester linkage to one alcohol

Non polar: repel water

Waxy coating on the surface of an ant's

Bees synthesize beeswax honeycombs for storing food and protecting offspring.

Steroids

Containing four fused (directly attached) carbon rings

Steroid molecules do not contain a fatty acid chain, and the monomer of a steroid biomolecule is difficult to define.

Cholesterol is the precursor of hormones :estrogen and testosterone

Fats

Two types: Fats and Oils

Two kinds of monomers, fatty acids and glycerol

Most fats are triglycerides

Three fatty acids bonded to the same glycerol molecule through ester linkages

Phospholipids

1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids, A phosphate group

The mayor component of plasma membranes and it is partially soluble in water.

Phospholipid bilayer

Cholesterol

Membrane proteins

Integral proteins, Transmembrane, Periphereal proteins

Carbohydrate groups

Attached to proteins, forming glycoproteins, or lipids, forming glycolipids.

Fluid mosaic model

There is a lipid bilayer in which protein molecules are embedded. The lipid bilayer gives fluidity and elasticity to the membrane.

Contain a special monomer unit, a strongly polar or ionic phosphate-containing group that adds solubility to one end of the lipid.

The phosphate group segment,“head,” is strongly hydrophilic

Monomers include two fatty acids and one glycerol molecule

The fatty acid segment,“tail,” is strongly hydrophobic.

Phospholipids form liposomes

Phospholipid molecules form a double layer, or bilayer, in a much larger sphere. c

Closed lipid monolayers

Micelles

Spherical amphiphilic structures that have a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell

Micelle Factors

Independent variable

It is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure

Dependent variable

It is something that depends on other factors

Controlled variables

The researcher holds constant (controls) during an experiment.

Functions

SHIPS

S - Storage and Source of energy

H - Hormonal roles

I - Insulation

P - Protection

S - Structural components

Concept

A macrobiomolecule soluble in nonpolar solvents

Predominantly non-polar molecules

Lipids can be oxidized to produce a hefty 9 calories per g

Over twenty different fatty acids in food and two essential fatty acids

Monomers

Fatty acids

Glycerol

Structure

CHO

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Bilding Block Molecules

Fatty Acids

A long, nonpolar hydrocarbon chain

Acid group: Carboxyl group (―COOH)

Saturated

Carbon-to-carbon bonds in the hydrocarbon chain are single covalent bonds

Unsaturated

One or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds are present

Glycerol

C3H8O3

An alcohol with three carbons

Five hydrogens

Three hydroxyl (OH) groups

Amphipathic Molecules

A molecule with both polar and non-polar functional groups

Oleic acid

Synthesis of triglycerides

Dehydration synthesis

Form an ester linkage between the carboxyl group of a fatty acid and the hydroxyl group of an alcohol monomer such as glycerol

3 fatty acids bonds to glycerol

3 water molecules liberated