Parts of the Brain
Cerebrum
left cerebral hemisphere
frontal lobe
primary motor cortex on precentral gyrus
initiates and control voluntary skeletal muscle movements
motor speech area
control muscle movements for speech
frontal eye field
controls eye movements for reading and binocular (using 2 eyes) vision
prefrontal cortex
Highest order brain functions - complex thought, judgment, decision making, expression of personality, planning future behaviors
voluntary motor functions and higher order brain functions
parietal lobe
primary somatosensory cortex on postcentral gyrus
receive sensory information from the skin
somatosensory lobe
temporal lobe
hearing
smell
occipital lobe
vision
insula
taste
right cerebral hemisphere
frontal lobe
primary motor cortex on precentral gyrus
initiates and control voluntary skeletal muscle movements
frontal eye field
controls eye movements for reading and binocular (using 2 eyes) vision
prefrontal cortex
Highest order brain functions - complex thought, judgment, decision making, expression of personality, planning future behaviors
voluntary motor functions and higher order brain functions
parietal lobe
primary somatosensory cortex on postcentral gyrus
receive sensory information from the skin
somatosensory lobe
temporal lobe
hearing
smell
occipital lobe
vision
insula
taste
cerebral nuclei
regulate motor output/ inhibit unwanted movements
Diencephalon
epithalamus
pineal gland
secretes melatonin to regulate circadian rhythm
habenular nucleus
thalamus
"filters" incoming sensory information
hypothalamus
master control of the autonomic nervous system
master control of the endocrine system
regulates body temperature
food intake
water intake
sleep and circadian rhythms
emotional responses
Cerebellum
coordinate and fine tunes skeletal muscle movements initiated by the cerebrum
adjusts skeletal muscles to maintain posture and equilibrium
receives proprioceptive information and regulates body position
Brainstem
midbrain
substantia nigra
makes dopamine (control movement, emotional response, and pleasure/pain)
superior colliculi
visual reflexes
inferior colliculi
auditory reflexes
pons
pontine respiratory center
works with medullary respiratory center to control skeletal muscles of breathing
superior olivary nuclei
sound localization
medulla oblongata
cardiac center
regulates heart rate and strength of contraction
vasomotor center
medullary respiratory center
regulates respiratory rate
inferior olivary nucleus
relays proprioceptive information to the cerebellum
nuclei for coughing, sneezing, salivation, swallowing, gagging, and vomiting