Geography Mind Map Assignment

Mountains are highly elevated parts of land.

Fold mountains are mountains that are formed by moving tectonic plates mashing together.

Volcanic mountains are formed when a volcano erupts and the lava dries to form a mountain.

Plains are large areas of flat land with few trees and plants, like a soccer field.

Plateaus are like plains but more highly elevated.

Shields are areas of uneven land that usually have jagged rocks.

Valleys are the low spaces in between mountains, which are usually formed by water running over it. It usually has a stream running through the valley.

Earthquakes are caused by tectonic plates moving against each other. They are measured by seismographs and recorded on the Richter scale. They can cause tsunamis.

The force of the shock waves can destroy buildings, and the falling debris can injure people as they look for shelter.

The point on Earth's surface above the location of a earthquake.

Ash clouds, rocks, lava, and hot gases, that are all released from volcanoes, are very dangerous.

When hot gases, ash, and rocks come out after the eruption, they can be very harmful to people. Ash clouds also spread across the area affected, making it very dangerous to travel by air.

The movements in the ground during an earthquake are measured using a seismograph. These measurements are rated on a scale from 1.0 to 10.0. Each level is 10 times more than the last.

Disaster response organisations can't stop natural disasters, but they can give advice. In case of volcanic activity, everyone should evacuate, and in case of emergencies, everyone should have a gas mask and supplies on hand. During an Earthquake, if you're inside you should stay next to an interior wall or under a piece of strong furniture. If you're outside, you should stay away from large objects or buildings.

New advancements in technology such as seismographs and materials that bend instead of break are helping to prevent damage during earthquakes and volcanoes, and spot them before they happen.

Weather is the temperature of one specific day.

Climate is the average weather of an area.

Climate change is long - term differences in weather patterns.

Climate change is making Earth warmer, which leads to global warming, which leads to ice sheets melting, which leads to rising sea levels, which leads to more flooding.

Climate change affects us because some types of food can only be grown in a specific type of climate. Another thing is it affects what we wear and what homes we build.

A natural condition or situation that affects the climate.

It is a factor that's global.

Wind is created from cool air and warm air meeting. AIr masses is a large body of air.

Common wind for an area.

Winds that blow northeast.

Latitude describes how far north or south a place is from the equator.

A flow of water within an ocean influenced by winds, gravity, and the spinning of earth on it's axis.

Local factors are Climate factors near our area that affect us.

If the elevation is higher, the place is colder. There are less air molecules in the air higher up, and the air molecules absorb the sun, therefore making the higher areas colder.

Relief is the difference between the highest point of the area and the lowest point of the area. Plains have a small relief, while mountains have a big relief. Areas with big relief have more precipitation. 

Bodies of water keep areas from having extreme temperatures. In the winter, the water heats up the area, while in the winter it cools the area down. Also, areas with bodies of water have more precipitation, as there is more moisture in the area.

The theory that Earth's crust is made up of several plates that are moved around by forces.

Plates move apart from each other.

The asthenosphere is a soft layer under the lithosphere where the tectonic plates move.

The lithosphere is the top layer of the Earth.

Convection Flow is a circular motion that occurs when warmer material rises and is replaced by cooler material.

Plates side by side grind against each other.

Plates side by side push together.

Humans need somewhere to live, so often spaces are cleared to make room for building, which changes the land.

Humans change the land to grow more food, cutting down areas to make room for farming. This can change the land.

Humans mine holes into the ground to collect resources which can change the land.

Erosion happens when the land wears out and forms different landforms.

When water flows, it picks up material from rocks and it settles somewhere else. It can create valleys and plains.

In the ice ages, glaciers moved across the earth, scraping off the tops of rock. It can create fjords.

The wind picks up particles and moves them along. It can create sand dunes.

magnitude of 9.5made tsunamisthere were many deathshappened because Chile is in the ring of fire

The largest eruption in historyHad a VEI of 7roughly 117000 people died

Was 195 Miles per hour6 352 People died 28 000 People were injured 1.1 Million homes destroyedMade the water dirtyMade it hard to get medicine

Happened in 1991Around 300 000 people died1.5$ Billion in damageDrinking water got contaminatedCyclones are the most dangerous natural disaster to peopleOver 1 million homes were destroyed

1833 people died it caused $160 billion dollars in damageMississippi and Louisiana were the most affected

The Climate System is made up of 5 different parts: Earth's surface, the atmosphere, all the water on Earth, all the ice on Earth, and all life on Earth.

Climate Graphs are Graphs that combine precipitation levels and temperature levels and put them into a line/bar graph.

When we compare Climate, we consider a couple things: monthly temperature, temperature ranges, precipitation totals, and precipitation patterns.

Climate capture is taking carbon dioxide and storing it deep into the ground, but there is another way. Some people have figured out how to give carbon dioxide into algae and turn it into oxygen.

Greenhouse gas is the heat that gets trapped inside the earth’s atmosphere, warming the earth. Greenhouse gases are made by the sun and by humans.

Trees can tell us about the climate over a long period of time. How can we tell? By the tree’s rings. The thickness and colour of the rings tell the specifics of the climate.

An urban heat island is an urban place that is a lot warmer than the surrounding rural area. This happens because of transpiration and colours. Transpiration is like a natural air conditioner, but with plants, and colours like black can make urban areas much hotter.

Extreme weather events have become more commonCanada is trying to reduce greenhouse gases by 30% Earth’s climate has warmed and cooled many times beforeSince ice is melting, it causes rising sea levelsRising sea levels can flood places