Alcohol

Common Forms

Beer

Lager

Ale

Wine

Generics

Varietals

Spirits

Gin

Vodka

Whiskey

Scotch

Taqulia

Classification

Depressant

How it Works

Absorbed through the stomach, small intestine and liver

Concentration is measured through BAC (Blood Alcohol Concentration)

Alcohol dehydrogenase converts alcohol to acetaldehyde, and then to acetic acid

Routes of Administration

Oral (Beverage)

Regulations

Prohibition started in 1851

Officially in effect in 1920

Repealing in 1983

By 1988 all States had a minimal drinking age of 21

How it's Used

Recreational

Socially

Effects / Concerns

Addiction / Dependency

Withdraws can be deadly

Underage Drinking

Skewed judgement

Can build a tolerance to alcohol

Respiratory failure

Decrease in reaction time

Violence

Sexual Assault

Date rape

Suicide

DUII

Blackout

Alcohol Poisoning

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Health Risk

Brain Damage

Liver Disorders

Disease

Heart

Tuberculosis

Jaundice

Cancer

Mouth

Liver

Lungs

Stomach

Blood is slower to clot

Cannabis

How it's Used

Medical

Recreational

Common Forms

Hemp

Used to make ropes

Lotion

Sativa

mentally "uplifting"

Indica

Sedating

CBD (Cannabidiol)

THC (Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol)

Flower (Bud's)

Oil Concentration

Edibles

Effects / Concerns

"no mental or physical deterioration"

Increases heart rate

Reddening of the eyes

Potental long term effects on cardiovascular system

Slightly addictive

Mellowness

Increase in appetite

Paranoia

Hallucination

Slows reaction of fine motor skills

Loss of concentration

Can Build a tolerance

Benefits

Neuropathic pain relief

Reduces pain in patients with multiple sclerosis

How it Works

Absorbed into the blood and is distributed to the brain first

Takes 2 to 3 weeks to completely metabolize

Classification

Stimulant

Regulations

In 1985, THC was approved to be used during chemotherapy

California was the first to legalized medical marijuana in 1996

Recreational use was first legalized in 2012 by Washington and Colorado

8 states have legalized the recreational use of marijuana

Routes of Adminstartion

Oral consumption from edible food

Inhaled in the form of smoke/vapor

Tobacco

How it Works

90% is absorbed when nicotine is inhaled

Releases Adrenaline

Increases heart rate

Increases Blood Pressure

Helps with Focus, Attention Span, and Relaxation

Effects

Second Hand Smoke

Smoking while pregnant can lead to a low birth weight

Smoking while Pregnant

Smoking while pregnant can lead to a low birth weight

Baby Born Premature

Higher Risk of SIDS

Regulation

Made illegal in 1908
for women smoke in public

Cigarette smoking is declining in the United States

Must be 21 years old in the United States to purchase/smoke nicotine

Concerns

Lung Cancer

Heart Disease

Mouth Cancer

Esophagus Cancer

Breaks Down Teeth Enamel

Cardiovascular Disease

Nicotine Poisoning

Dizziness

weakness

Nausea

Tremors

Emphysema

Nicotine can be Addictive

Common Forms

Two Main Species

Nicotiana Rustica

Nicotiana Tobacum

Snuff

Chew

Cigarettes

Cigars

Hookah

Chewing Gum

Nicotine Patches

Classification

Stimulant

Route of Administration

Inhaled as smoke

Can be eaten

How its Used

Recreational

Caffeine

Effects

Can lead to Dependence

Reduces headache pain

Decreases hyperactivity

Irritability

Insomnia

How it is Used

Daily Routine

Recreational

Concerns

Withdraws

Headache

Fatigue

Increase in Heart Rate

Breast Disease

Heart Disease

Low birth weight if in taking caffeine while pregnant

How it Works

Blocks Adenosine

Blocks tiredness

Routes of Administration

Oral

Liquid Drinks

Classification

Stimulant

Common Forms

Coffee

Caffea Arabica

Caffea Robusta

Tea

Chocolate

Soft Drinks

Energy Drinks

Over the Counter Drugs

Anacin

Excedrin

Regulations

Can not have caffeine in alcohol

Religious regulations

Stimulants

Common Forms

Restricted Stimulants

Cocaine

Coca Leaves

Chew on Leaved

Coca Tea

Coca Wine

500 Kilograms = 1 Kilogram of Cocaine

Coca Paste

Amphetamines

Ephedrine

Methamphetamine

Crank

Opium

Available Stimulants

Nicotine

Caffeine

Classification

Drugs that "Keep you Going"

How it Works

Freedom from Fatigue

Reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin

Amphetamines were used as treatment for depression, fatigue, narcolepsy, ADHD

Concerns

Overdose

Acute Cocaine Poisoning

Cardiac Arrest

Addiction

Paranoid Psychosis

Increased Blood Pressure

How its Used

Recreational

Regulations

Cocaine was once used as Anesthesia

Between 1887-1914, 46 States regulated use and distribution of Cocaine

5 grams of crack cocaine = 5 year minimum prison sentence

In 2010, Minimum sentence of 5 years for possession of 28 grams

Prescriptions for amphetamines

Restrictions of amphetamines started in 1970

Effects

Increase endurance with lack of hunger

Irritability

Hallucination

Use while pregnant leads to "Crack Babies"

Babies can be born with drug cravings

Restlessness

Routes of Administration

Cocaine

Insufflation

Inhaled from Vapors (Smoking)

Snorting

Injecting into Bloodstream

Original use was to chew Coca leaves

Amphetamines

Inhaled

Injection

Oral Administration

Recreational

Depressants/Inhalants

How it Works

Decreases Central Nervous System Activity

Binds to GABA receptors

Effects

Relaxation

Drowsiness

Lack of Coordination

Reduce Anxiety

Anxiolytics

Concerns

Respiratory Depression

Can Build Tolerance

Dependence

Physical

Anxiety

Insomnia

Muscle Cramps

Nightmares

Psychological

Overdose

Death from Withdraws

Routes of Administration

Orally in the form of a pill

Inhaled (Sniffing)

Regulations

Medical regulations

Pills are often over prescribed

How its Used

Medically prescribed to help with anxiety

Used in the form of sleeping Pills

Used to control epileptic seizures

Classification

Medical

Recreational

Common Forms

Sedatives

Benzodiazepines

Xanax

Ativan

Chlordiazepoxide

Rohypnol

Hypnotics

Lunesta

Ambien

Inhalants

Paint

Solvents

Glue

Gas

Lighter Fluid

GHB (Date Rape)

Chloral Hydrate

Paraldehyde

Meprobamate

Zaleplon

Alcohol

Psychedelics

How it Works

LSD was used for psychotherapy

Acts on serotonin Receptors

Effects

Altered Perception

Hallucinations

Distorted Vision

Dilated Pupils

High Blood Pressure

Increase in body temperature

Increased Salivation

Panicking

How it is Used

Recreational

Some medical Use

Concerns

Can Build Tolerance

No clear physical dependence

Flashbacks

Cause Anxiety

Routes of Administration

Orally

DMT

Snuffed

Smoked

Injected

Common Forms

Indoles

LSD

Psilocybin

DMT

Ayahuasca

Tryptamines

Catechols

Mescaline

MDMA

Enhance feelings of empathy

Mushrooms

Psilocybin

DOM

PCP

Classification

Stimulant

Regulations

In 1990 Oregon passed a law making Peyote illegal

Opioids

How it Works

Penetrates the Blood Brain Barrier

Methadone decreases withdraw symptoms

Effects

Reduces Pain

Counteract Diarrhea

Cough Suppressants

Concerns

Addiction

Individuals would commit crime to afford opioids/heroin

Overdose

Coma

Pinpoint Pupils

Hallucinogenic Effects

Can build a tolerance

Withdraws

Nausea

Vomiting

Body Aches

Diarrhea

Slows down respiratory functions

Constipation

Routes of Administration

Orally

Can be Smoked

Injection into Blood Stream

Snorted

Common Forms

Opium

Morphine

Heroin

Prescriptions

Vicodin

Lortab

Oxycodone

Fentanyl

How its Used

Recreational

Medical

Regulations

Opium Wars

1906 Pure Food and Drug Act

In 1915, moving/smuggling opioids was criminal

Minimum 15 year sentence

Classification

Depressant

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