introduction to computer system

-Standards in computer programming are methods of programming that have been declared acceptable and thereafter are recommended as the approach that should be used. Much like what GAAP is to Accounting, programming standards allow programmers to use a common ground when writing code. Closely tied with programming standards, best practices are simply recommended methods of writing code. A segment of code can be transformed visually to comply with a programming best practice, however, syntactically the segment of code will remain the same. Best practices may also involve addition of extra code segments or removal of redundant code segments. To sum it up, best practices are simply the most recommended way of writing a segment of code, whereas programming standards are a specific set of rules to apply to coding style and techniques.

-The systems development life cycle (SLDC) also referred to as the application development life cycle, is a term used in systems engineering,information systems and software engineering to describe a process for planning,creating,testing,and deploying an information system.the systems development lifecycle concept applies to range of hardware and software configurations, as a system can be composed of hardware only,software only for combination both.

*First generation
-These are low level languages like machine language.
*Second generation
-These are low level assembly languages used in kernels and hardware drives.
*Third generation
-These are high level languages like c,c++,Java,visual basic and Java script.
*Fourth generation
-these languages that consist of statement that are similar in human language and used in database programming and scripting.These languages include perl,python,Ruby and SQL.
*Fifth generation
-These are programming languages that have visual tools to develop a program.These language include mercury,opps and prolog.

-The objective of the design of a functional programming language is to mimic mathematical functions to the greatest extend possible.
-The basic process of computation is fundamentally different in a FPL than in an imperative language.In imperative language,operations are done and the results are stored in variables for later use.Management of variables is a constant concern and source of complexity for imperative programming
-In an FPL,variables are not necessary,as is the case in mathematics.

-The systems development life cycle (SDLC) also referred to as the application development life cycle,is a term used in systems engineering to describe a process for planning,creating,testing and deploying an information systems.
-The system development life cycle concept applies to range of hardware and software configurations, as a system can be composed of hardware only,software only or a combination of both.