LEARNING THEORIES

Behaviorism

Stimulus > Response

reactice , not active learning

reinforcement determines behavior

Environmental Conditions vital

Consequences

Memory not addressed

Cognitivism

mind as computer

memory vital

problem solving, information processing

active in the learning process

explanations, demonstrations, examples guide student learning

Corrective feedback

Constructivism

creating meaning from experience

interaction between learner and environment

learning in realistic, relevant settings

memory not as important as retrieving prior knowledge

activity (practice), concept (knowledge), and culture
(context)

PROPONENTS:
John B. Watson
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner
E. L. Thorndike
Albert Bandura

PROPONENTS:
Lev Vygotsky
Jean Piaget
John Dewey
Jerome Bruner
Linda Harasim
Garrison, Anderson, Archer

a

Humanism

Self-Determination Theory

a

motivation, competence, autonomy,
relatedness

THEORIES
Social Development Theory
Cognitive Theory
Pragmatism
Anchored Instruction
Cognitive Apprenticeship
Cognitive Dissonance
Online Collaborative Learning Theory (OCL)
Community of Inquiry

OCL - Online Collaborative Learning Theory

a

idea generating
idea organizing
intellectual convergence

Community of Inquiry

a

Cognitive Presence
Social Presence
Teaching Presence

THEORIES
Schema Theory
Gestalt Theory
Attribution Theory
Cognitive Load Theory
Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning
Elaboration Theory
Expertise Theory
Functional Context Theory
eLearning Theory

Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning

a

1. Two separate channels (auditory and visual) for processing information
2. Limited channel capacity
3. Learning is an active process of filtering, selecting, organizing, and integrating information.

eLearning Theory

a

1. minimizing extraneous cognitive load
2. introducing germane and intrinsic loads at user-appropriate levels

PROPONENTS:
David Merill
Charles Reigeluth
Robert Gagné
Jerome Bruner
Roger Schank

Richard Mayer

THEORIES
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Social Learning Theory
GOMS Model
Psychological Behavorism

Instructional Design Theories

ARCS Model of Motivational Design

a

Attention, Relevance, Confidence,
Satisfaction (ARCS)

Learner-Centered Design

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