Stimulus > Response
reactice , not active learning
reinforcement determines behavior
Environmental Conditions vital
Consequences
Memory not addressed
mind as computer
memory vital
problem solving, information processing
active in the learning process
explanations, demonstrations, examples guide student learning
Corrective feedback
creating meaning from experience
interaction between learner and environment
learning in realistic, relevant settings
memory not as important as retrieving prior knowledge
activity (practice), concept (knowledge), and culture
(context)
motivation, competence, autonomy,
relatedness
idea generating
idea organizing
intellectual convergence
Cognitive Presence
Social Presence
Teaching Presence
1. Two separate channels (auditory and visual) for processing information
2. Limited channel capacity
3. Learning is an active process of filtering, selecting, organizing, and integrating information.
1. minimizing extraneous cognitive load
2. introducing germane and intrinsic loads at user-appropriate levels
Attention, Relevance, Confidence,
Satisfaction (ARCS)