Science and Technology

Farming

Types of Farming

Substance Farming

Small and marginal farmer
Fragmented land holdings
No surplus to sell
Food crops
Method Archaic

Commercial

Opposite to substance
Morden tool techniques,HYV, Chemical fertilizer
Food crops+Non food (Cotton and jute)

Extensive

Large parches
Huge output
Production /Land is low
Large land size holding available
Panjab hariyana Up
Kamara,USA

Nomadic Herding

Semi arid or arid regions
Rearing of animal on natural pasture
Keep moving with their animal
South Africa, Arabia, Northern Eurrasia

Shifting

Cultivated untill the crop land decline

Mixed Farming

Developed Country
the growing of crops + raising of livestock

Branches and Revolution

Apiculture :- Honeybee
Horticulture:-Fruits and vegitable
* Horticulture premium in PM KISAN :-5%
* Kharif 2%,Rahi 1.5% Horticulture 5%
Moricultur:-Mulberry
Pomology :-Fruit
Siviculture:- Growing and cultivation of tree
And forest
Olericulture:-Science related to vegitable
Vermiculure :- Earthworm
Vityculture :- Grapes,Blue berry

Blue:-Fish ( Arun Krishna)
Krishna colour blue
Black :-Petrol
Silver:-Egg/Polutary
Silver fiber:-Cotton
Golden :- Hoeny
Horticulture
Nirpakh Tuteja
Golden Fiver:-Jute
Yellow:-Oil seed
Red:-Meet, Tomato
Visal tiwari
Round:-Potato
Evergreen:-Agriculture
Green :-Food crop
Pink:-Onion,
Prown,
Pharmaceuticals
Durgesh Patel
White:- Milk,
Veghees Kuriyan
Operation flood :- Milk

Institutions
Indian Agriculture Research Institute (PUSA):-New Delhi
Indian Council Of Aggriculrure Research :-New Delhi
National Plant Protection :-Hydrabad (Protection By Muslims)
Narional Academy for Agricultural Research Management:-Hydrabad)
Central Research Institute for Dry land Agriculture :- Hydrabad
Hi(DRY) land ko protect karna chahiye
National Institute for Agricultural Marketing :-Jaipur (Pink lipstick but in market)
Central Potato Research Institute :- Simla (Aalu me sim dal ke la)
Central Tuber Crop Research Institute :- Trivandrum (Three tube )
Indian Institute of Spice Research:- Khozikode( Lal Mirchi Kha diya pani khoji ki de)
Coconut Devlopment Board :-Kochi
Cental Plantation Crop Research Institute :-Kasargod ( Plant ka sar and goda kichhi nathae)
Indian Institute of Sugarcane:- Lucknow( You know sugar Cane)
Indian Institute of Pulses :- Kanpur (Tumhara heart ka pulse mera kan me aji v dhadhakta he)
Indian Institute of Horticulture:- Bangalore (Bangalore bme Hot girls hote hone)
Indian Institute of Vegetable research:- (Varanasi me Vegitable Modi ji Chati khate hue)
Central Institute of cotton:- Nag cat lega)
Sental tobacoo:- Rajhmundry (Tobacoo raja log nehni khate)

Food grain

Rice

125cm
21 degree
Clay loam(More water holding capacity)
China
West Bengal
Jammu (Vasumati Rice)
Self polinating plant
Main :- Carb:-77 to 77-79
Bacterial Disease :-Xamtomosa Oryzae
24 pair chromosome
Rich man's diseae:-Air born diseae:- Blast:-Pyricilaria Orizae
Viral diseae Green leaf Hopper (Tungro)
1st mutent variety :- Jagannath

Deep water rice :-Pankaj Jagannath
1st High yielding Dwarft:-Pusa Vasumati
Mircle Rice:-IR 8
Miracle Rice in India:-Jaya
Golden Rice :- beta carotin
Protin :-Oryzenin
Jaya Verity:-Dr Shastri
Hydro themal treatment :- Paraboiling
Gas emiited :-CH4
Fertilizers :- ammonium Sulphate

Wheat

100cm annually
30cm @ growing
30 degree
Clay alluvial
China
UP
Carb:- 67 to 72
King of cereal
Roti making3 protin :- gluten
Nitin 10 :- Drwaft ness in wheat
Psudo cereal :- Buck wheat
Veraity:-C 306,Sujata sehera ki ,Mukta
Rust wheat:-Fungal:-B.C Meheta
24 pain chromosome
Killer disease :- Black rust (Black life matter)
Cancer :- Karnal (Kan Can)
Browm rust :- most in India
Pink stem bordor :- in Night

Self polinating
After independence
Wheat increse 132%, rice 23% cereal 11%

Millet
Jower
100cm
20 degree to 33 degree
Maharastra
Bajra
40 to 50 cm
100cm
Rajasthan then Maharastra
Green ear disease
India top

Sugarcane
25 degree
Annual Rainfall:-75 to 100
Raddish Loamy Soil
Occupy 10 to 12 month
Brazil then Indis
Red rot
Colletotrichum falcatum

Subtopic

Subtopic

Ground Nut
Tikka disease

Tea
Hot Climate (21 to 32)
Darjiling, Annamalai,Aasama Brahmaputra Bank
China ,India, Kaniya

Green Algae
(Red Rust)

Coffee
Warm Climate Condition
21 to 26 degree
125 to 150 cm
Western Ghat, Karnataka ,Kerala

Bajra
Green Ear

Potato
Ring disease (Wilt of potato)

Apple
Fire blight

Banana
(Bunchi Top Virus)

Current

January

February

8 Wonders of SCO :-Statue of Unity

Defence

New directir of CRPF :- AP Maheshwari
Armed Forces Veterans Day’ :- Jan14
commemorate the retirement date of the first Indian
Chief of Army Staff, K M Cariappa
Indian Coast Guard has recently commissioned its 'C-448'
high-speed boat :- Mangalore
Indian ship-builder is to deliver the anti-submarine stealth warship INS Kavaratti to Indian Navy :-Garden Reach Shipbuilders and EngineersWorld Sustainable Development Summit, 2020 :- Marking the decade count

World Organisation

announced to offer guidance to 15 tech start-up :- Microsoft
‘

Catipilor stage is more Harmful to a crop
Bacterial Blight (Yellow Spot)

Aspects of rock petrology

Ignious
Molten stage,High heat
Magma(Liqid, Crystal and gases
Silica (Highest 59%)
Felspar is in highest
Felspar>pyroxine>quartz>Biotite
Tunneling activity

Based on depth

Volcanic
On the surface
Grain size(Fine)
Basalt andresite

Hypobassal
Below some depth
Course grain
Mixed of plutonic and hypobasal
Exp:-Porphyries

Plutonic
Higher depth
7 to 10 km
Granite,Diorite

Based on texure

Equigranular texure
Equal crytal

Inequigranula
Different size of constitution

Directive intergrowth
Flow of magma during the formation of rock
Exp:-Trachytic and Trachytoid

Intergrowth
Two or more mineral mixup or intergrowth

Intergranular
Polygonal shape left between crystal
Gonal-Granular

Porphyritic
Large size crystal in fine grain matrix

Poiclitic

Example

Granite
Quartz and felspar then mica
Course to medium
Plutonic
Equigranular

Muscotive granite
White colour mica
Predominant mineral

Diorite
Plutonic
Similarl to granite but less quartz

Gabboro
Low silica content
Bbmain felspar
+Ve in sill
Plutonic

Hypobasal equivalent Dolerite

Volcanic equivalent Bassalt

Fine
1mm less

Medium
1 to 5

Course 5mm

Subtopic

Heat
Grow from hot to cold
Energy
Unit:-
IS
Jule
Calori =4.2 Jule
BTU (British thermal unit)
1 BTU=252 calories
Therm:- 1lakh BTU
252Lakh calories
Temp
Sence the heat

SI Unit :- Kelvin
No degree term:- Kelvin
Kelvin:- Cann't be negetive
Absolute zero=Kelvin
(C)/5=(F-32)/9=(R)/4=(K-273)/5
-40 degree C=F

Degree Centigrade
0
100

Degree Farenhite
12
210

Degree Reaumer
0
80

Kelvin
273
373

Thermometer
Doctor:-Mercury
Very low :- alcohol
High temp:-Gas
500degree:-H2 bas
500 degree High :-N2 gas
Very low and very high:-Platinum resistance
Low temperature:-Cryogenic
Thermo couple:- point Temprature
Colour of temprature:-Colour
Heat metal:-1st Red,-Orange-..........Violet

Method of heat transfer

Subtopic

Conduction

Soild
Hg liquid but still Conduction
The animal below the ice alive in polar area because
Ice bad Conductor:-So ice below are normal
Winter atmosphere temp low our body high so heat flow from body to atmosphere
It's better to wear two cloth than one
Black absorve all the heat
Umbrella upper side white lower side black ( Upper side heat reflect lower side heat absorve heat )
Birds and mammals :- homeothernic ( worm blood)
Human body
36.9,98.6,310 K
Brick house < Soil house:- Soil house cool in summer and hot in winter because soil is bad conductor
Room temprature 25 degree
Tripling point of water :-0.01 degree ( Liqid soild and gas)

Fridge open room temp increase
fan on a close room :- room temp increse particle collide each other

Good Conductor
Dimond :- Good conductor of heat
Good Conductor of heat and current:- Silver
Hater,Human body
All metal

Bad conductor
Wool,Cloth,Ice,Soil

Insulator
Abonite and Asbestos

Convection


Gas+Liquid

Radiation

800 degree more
E≺T⁴
Thermos

Thermal expantion
poles of electric pole
Rail line
α length
β area
γ volume
Unit:-Per degree centigrade
α:β:γ=1:2:3

Expansion of Water
4 degree max density
Min vollume
0-4:- Vollume decrease
4 to 10 degree:- Vollume increse
1st decrease then increse
Density are inversely proportional
Water density more than ice
Volume opposite
W=JQ
J =4.2
Q in calory:- Silver
T₁>T₂
T Final temp
T₁>T>T₂
m₁s₁(T₁₋T)=m₂s₂(T-T₂)

Subtopic

Specific heat
S=Q/(m*T)
Gas has more specific heat
Gas>Solution > Suspension
High specific heat of solution
Water ( 1calory/gram degree centigrade)
Ice :-0.5
Lead:-0.03(Lowest)
Water Specific heat is more
So water is very difficult to heat
Water heated up very slow than land
Specific heat capacity:-Calori/ degree centigrade

1kg water to steam:- latent heat of vaporization
539 kilo calory/kg
1 kg ice to water :-80 kilo calory/kg
Q=mL

Current Electricity

Electron -ve -1.6*10^-19
Protin +ve 1.6*10^19
V=W/q
Volt= Juke/Columb
W/q
Voltage of earth =Zero
Current :- Q/t
Q= ne

Direct Current
v=220
Used in electric arc
Welding
Electroplating
AC→DC=Rectifier
DC→AC=Inverter
Batery DC to Home Ac
Mobile charger AC-DC
Conductor
Silver>Cupper>Iron
Salt watet
Human Body
Earth

Bad conductor
No effect of temprature
Dimond
Distil water
V ≺I
V=IR
P=V*I
H=I2RT
Unit :- Home Meter,Energy
Unit
1kWH
3600 * 10^3 Jule
3.6*10^6 Jile
3.6 Mega Jule
Unit:-Wat hour/1000

100 bar 10 wat
Unit :-100*10/1000=1unit
1 day
2 bulb*4 hour*10wat
30 days
2*4hour*10 wat*30days*8 rupee


R=Omh
1/Ohm=Moh=Conductance
Specific resistance (Pho)
R≺l
≺1/A
Conductor
Temperature increse
Resistance increse

Semi conductor
Low temp bad conductir
High temo good conductir
Silicom ,Germanium
Carbon ,

Super Conductor
4.2K

Alternative Current
Vrms=√2 V
√2 * 220= 310-311

Electricity
Alexandrar Volta

Primary
Non rechargeable
Vehicle Battery
For long time
Chemical to Electricals then non useable

Volt cell
Anode:-Cu
Cathod:- Zn
H2SO4
End:-1.08 volt

Daneal cell
K2So4
Same as volt cell

Mercury
Coin cell
Anode:-Ni,Al,Zinc
Cathod:-Hg,Cd,NaO

Dry
Anode:-Carbon
Cathod:-Zn
1.5 volt

Leglancy cell

Secondary
Rechargeable
Electric to Chemical
Then Chemical to electronic

Fuse :- Electrical to heat
Cattle :- Electrical to heat
Rod of heater :-Nicrome (Fe+Ni+Cr)
Fuse:-Pb +Sn
----------------------------------------
Generator
Transformer
Moter
Electro Magnet
-----------------------------------------
Cell:-Chemical

Magnetism
N-S
North and South Maximum
Geographic N-S and Magnetic N-S
11 degree
MKS :-Tesla
CGS:- Gauss
1 T=10^4 Gauss

Natural
Earth
Magnetite (Fe3O4)

Artificial

Fe, Ni,Co

Electrical Magnet
Soft iron

Para Magnet

Attract to the magnet
Pt Al Na O, Cr Mn
Patel Odisha Aalu khaibaku Mana carna

1

Fero Magnetic
High Attraction
Fe ,Co,Ni
>1

Dia Magnet
Au,Ag,Water,Hg, Alcohol, Bismuth,Ld,Zn,N2,H2
<1 Suspectibility
1 Curie :- Temp at which ferromagnetic to para magnetic
Co:- 1388k
Fe:-1043k
Ni:-627k

Magnetic Flux
φ=BA cos(θ)
A=Area
B=Magnetic Force
______________

EMF:- Orestoid
South (Clockwise)

Farade
1st law :- Defination
2nd law:- EMF:-
E.≺ (dφ/dt) *N
Lenz
Same as Farade but -ve

Auto induction

Generator,Dynamo

Unit:-Henery

Generator
Mechanical-> Electrical

AC

Armature
Magnet
Carbon groups
Slip Rings

DC
Same as AC
Same as AC
Same as AC
Commutator

Mutial Induction

Example:-Transfermer

AC less or more
Primary to secondary
Increase or decrease of voltages by change the ring of the Transfermer

Step up
Ns>Np
Es>Ep
Output>Input

Step down
Ns<Np
Es<Ep
Output<Input

Subtopic

Subtopic

Subtopic

Kingdoms

Animal Kingdom

Cellular

Porifera
Assymetric

Sponge
Canal, Nutrition, Respiration, Transpiration
One cell :-Colar cell
Bisexual

Euplactela
White colour (venous flower basket
Married couple Japan)
Ostrium entry and Osculum Exit

Euspongia
Bath sponge

Tissue

Coelenterata
Radial
Cniloblast cell

Hydra
Jelly fish

Physalia
Partugal war

adamsia
Sea anemones
Both sex

Ctenophora
Comb jelly

Comb jellies
Bioluminescence

Organ/Organsystem

acoelomate

Platihelminthes
Bilateral
Organ system
Excretion (Flame cell)
Bisexual

Tape warm
Regeneration

Leaf worm

Liver fluke
after eating contaminated raw or
undercooked freshwater fish

Psudocoelomate

aschelminthes
Psudoceo
Male female different
Diocious

Askaris

Eucheptia brancopt
Filariasis

coelomate

Mesoderm cell are form from single cell

Annelida

Arthropods

Mollusca

Endoderm gives rise to celome

notochord present

Echinodermata

Star fish (Not a fish)
Asterias (Starfish)

notochord absent

Cordata
Nerve chord (Dorsal hollow)
Post anal tail
Heart Dorsal
Pharynx (Gill)

urochordata
Noto chord Only in Tail
Marine

Cephalochordata
Head to tail
Amphioxus

Vertibate
Notochord only in larva
Bone cartilage

Agnathostomata
Jaw absent

Cyclostomata
Hagfish

Gnathostomata
Jaw present

Pieces

chondrichthyes
Cartilage
No air sac
Need to swim to balance

Electric fish

Dogfish

Wheal shark

ostriches
Bone air sac presentso
no need to swim to balance

Hippocampus
Flying fish

Plant Kingdom

Gland

Endocrine
Hormone

Thyroid

Largest endocrine
Addam's apple
BMR Control
Skin ,Jair
T3,T4
Hypo
Hyper:-Groiter
Hypo:-cretinism ( Child)
Hasimoto

Parathyroid

Para thyroid Harmon
Hormonal Control of Calcium and phosphorus
Hypo:- Osteoporosis
Hyper:-

Thymus

Near chest
Produce and mature
T Cell

Adrenal

Hypo:-Addison (Father of Endocrinology
Hyper:- Fat in chest
Edima(BP increase)

Adrenaline Cortex
4S (Sex,Sugar,Salt,stress)
Kidney
Gluco Cortocoid (Sugar Balance)
Minero Cortocoid (Mineral Balance)
Gonadocorticoids (Sex Hormone)
Androgen and testosteron)

Adrenalin Medulla
3F
Decrease BP
Steroid

Pineal

Sand of Brain
40-50 Die
Mensuration cycle
Skin colour (Melatonin)
Biological cycle

Testis ,Ovary
But not reproductive

Exocrine

Unicellular

Goblet Cell

Multicellular

Subtopic

Subtopic

Subtopic

Mixed

Both Hormone and enzyme

Pancreas

Exo
Groth stimulating Hormone
Hypo:- dwarfism
Hyper:- gigantism

Endo
Islate of Langerhans

Alpha
Increse Glucose

Beta
Decrease Glucose

Delta

Pituitary
Master of gland

Growth hormone
Somatotropin (STH)

Thyroid stimulating Hormone

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

Gonadotropin

FSH

LH

antidiuretic hormone

Responsible for diabetes insipidus

Oxytocin
Labour pain

Vasopressin
reabsorption of water in the renal tubule
Hypo:-Frequency urination

Economic importance of plant

Cereal crop

Rice
gramineae family
Oraiza Sataiva
Carb
aleurone layer :- Vitamin B₁(Thayamin)(1911)
Beri Beri
UN Nation 2004 international rice year
Japan Hejaka vaccine
90% starch, Protin 8-10%
Golden rice :- Vitamin A
Generally Vitamin B but exception in golden rice
1st genetic rice PUSA 1407

Wheat
60-70 starch
10-17 % Protin
Glutamic Acid
Green Revolution (Wheat revolution)
gluten protein more Celiac disease
Xanthophyll

Maize
Karnatak>Rajasthan
Sea Maize
Zein Protein
Carbohydrate
Bio diseal
C4 plant (Conserve water)
3 season crop

Millet(Bajra)
Rajasthan
Drought resistant
Highest Mineral (Bajra)
High Carbohydrate

Barley
Hordeum Valgare
Roti
Alcohol
Perfural

Jowar
Sorghum bicolor
lysine amino acid
High Pallegra
Alcohol
HCN
Young plant

Mandwa or Rahi
Diabetic
Hilly area main food
Cake poising material
Eleusine Carcoma

Oilly food

Ground nut
Fruit under soil
Protin
Meat 1.2 times
Egg 2.5 times
Fruit 8 times
Arachis Hypogia
Omega 6
Omega 9

sesame (Tel)
Sesame Indicum
Food , Body oil
50% Oil
18-20% Protin
Chemical
Sesamol ( Anti Oxydant )
Reduce the chance of cancer)

Mustard
1st world war Mustard gas
brassica oleracea
Leather wood
Macine oilling
Smell ( Alkyle isothiocyanate)

Lin seed ( Flax)
Fiber flax
Omega 3 (Linolinic acid)Heart patient ( Fish,Flax)
Omega 6 (Linolic acid)
Omega 9 (Follic acid)

Coconut
White ( Embryo)
Upper fiber (sclerenchyma)
Saturated fat

Sunflower
Auxin ( Sun direction)
Phototropism
Heart disease patient

Castor
Rusinuss comuni
Artificial Leather
Don't feed to animal
Scientific name Ricinus communis

Pulses
Nitrogen Fixation
Har do sal me daal karna chahie
Mose use plant

Mugal dali
Black gram
Vina Mungo
Phosphorous

Cluster beam
Guar,
Scientific name Cyamopsis tetragonoloba

Paper industry
Soyabin of India
Export to Forest

Masur
lens esculenta
Good pulse

lathyrus sativus
neurolathyrism disease
Due to this pulse

Medicinal plant

seabuck thrown
China,then himalay
Golden of Himalaya
Indian:-Ladakh
Ulser
UV ray protection

Serpentina
Sarpgandha
Reserpin
High BP

Opium
Edible part (
White LaTeX
Nasa
Seed (Nasa)
Morphine, Codin

Sugar

Beet root
Beta in
Root (Sucrose)
Sucrose by riched

Sugarcane
Saccharum officinarum
Cane Sugar
Slit root (Last node)
Stem:-Sucrose
Fermentation rum

Palm tree

Fiber

Cotton
Gossypium
Polymer of cellulose
Seed capsule

Digestion

Digestion
Energy
Chemical energy convert
Energy by respiration Mitochondria
Raw material :- By food ( Glucose)
Daily se haven't eat food
So Glucose stored

Elementary Canal
Length :-8-10m
30-35 feet
Mouth -Vacal cavity

Vacal cavity

Teeth,Tongue, Salivary gland

Breathing and eating
Phyarinx
Food prevented from respiration track
Epiglottis

Stomach
J shape
cardiac fundic pyloric

Small intestine
6.5 m
Digestion and
Assimilation
duodenum
Highest digestion
ileum
Highest Assimilation
jejunum

Large intestine
Cecome ( Bacteria)
polon
rectum(

Anus

Plant
Father of Biology:-Theophrasitis
Historia of

Plant Hormone
7 hormone (Total)

Auxin
Darwin
Isolation (Human Urin)
IAA (Indol 3 Acitic Acid)
Function (Growth)
Growth Hormone
Help in cell division
Produced by Root Apical bud
Cell division by plant

Natural Auxin
Indol 3 Acitic Acid (IAA)
Indol buteric acid (IBA)

Artificial
NAA
Nepthalin Acitic Acid
2,4 D Dicloro phenoxy Acitic Acid
Insecticides, Pesticide

Giberelin
Kurusova
GA 3
Height of Plant
Width of plant
Help in Devlopment of connective tissue
Two types of connective tissue
Xylum (Water (Gal Xylem)) and Phloem (Food from leave) Gebrekic hormone
Produced by stem cell

Cytokinin Hormone
Miller
Opponent of Auxin Hormone
Reduce the growth of top most part
Apical body
It stop mutations process

Ethylene
Berg
Gasious form Hormone
Fruit preservation
Respiratory Hormone
Fruit :- Form from female Ovary
More fruit production

Abscicic Acid
Cotton
Leaf down Season
Control leaf growth
Control on process of germination
Seed -> Zygote

Florigen
Transmurin Hormone
Flower ripening

Transmurin
Recovery Damage part

Plant Morphology

Flower

Photosynthesis

Plant respiration

Plant Classification

Cryptogamous
No seed formation
No flower

Thallophyta
Thalus like body structure
No vascular tissue
Example :- Algae
Phycology
Green :- Clorophyl
Cell wall :- Cellulose ( Hardest plant)
Xylem and Phloem (×)
Nutrition by own
Present in simple water and merine water
Lichen form
Algae+ Fungi
Food+Water
With Animal
Slot bear
Reproduction
Vegetative reproduction
Fragmentation
Asexual reproduction (Zoo spore)
CO2 fixation
Gives Oxygen
Food stuff
Protin more
We can take as food
Clorela ( protin rich compound)
Space traveller
ULVA and luminerua
Microbiology (Hydrocolloid)
Agar gel (Gellidium, Glacileria)
Fertilizers:- Nostoc and anabaena
Cholera and Volonia
Green :- Clorophycae (A and B)
Brown:-

Algae

Fungi

Bryophyta

Pteridophyte

Phenerogamous

Angeospem

Monocot

Dicot

Gymnosperm

Disease

Missilanious

Static

Space Orbits

LEO

2000km

MEO
2000-35,786

GSO
35,786
(22,236 mi),
Communication Satellite

GTO

Transfer Orbit
Elliptical path
Its perigee (closest point to Earth) is typically as high as low Earth orbit (LEO), while its apogee (furthest point from Earth) is as high as geostationary

Elliptical

GEO

Matches Earth's rotation on its axis,
23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds (one sidereal day).

geostationary orbit

above Earth's equator
following the direction of Earth's rotation.
Circular

Communication Sattelite

Navigate Sattelite

Weather Sattelite

Subtopic

Space Agency and their Missions

ISRO

Engine

Vikash

Scramjet

Lunching Vehicle

SLV

SLV 3
1st lunching Vehicle
first experimental satellite launch vehicle,
height of 22m and capable of placing 40 kg
The first experimental flight of SLV-3, in August 1979, was only partially successful.

ASLV

Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV)
Payload capacity to 150 kg, thrice that of SLV-3,
Low Earth Orbits (LEO).

The first developmental flight took place on March 24, 1987
second on July 13, 1988.
third developmental flight, ASLV-D3 was successfully launched on May 20, 1992,

PSLV

first Indian launch vehicle to be equipped with liquid stages.
first successful launch in October 1994
LChandrayaan-1 in 2008 and Mars Orbiter Spacecraft in 2013
Height : 44 m
Diameter : 2.8 m
Number of Stages : 4
Lift Off Mass : 320 tonnes (XL)
Variants : 3 (PSLV-G, PSLV - CA, PSLV - XL)
First Flight : September 20, 1993

Fourth Stage: PS4
uppermost stage of PSLV, comprising of two Earth storable liquid engines
Engine : 2 x PS-4
Fuel : MMH + MON
Max. Thrust : 7.6 x 2 kN

Third Stage: PS3
upper stages
high thrust
after the atmospheric phase of the launch.

Fuel : HTPB
Max. Thrust : 240 kN

GSLV
1st GSLV Sattelite Rohini

Vehicle Specifications
Height : 49.13 m
Number of Stages : 3
Lift Off Mass : 414.75 tonnes
First Flight : April 18, 2001

Second Stage: PS2
Earth storable liquid rocket engine fo
its second stage,
Vikas engine,
developed by Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre

Engine : Vikas
Fuel : UDMH + N2O4
Max. Thrust : 799 kN

First Stage: PS1
S139 solid rocket motor
that is augmented by
6 solid strap-on boosters.

Engine : S139
Fuel : HTPB
Max. Thrust : 4800 kN

Bio fule

Aryabhat
1st satellite
1975
Launched from russia
1st experimental
Hydrology, Foresty

Bhaskar I
1979
1st experimental remote sensing satellite

Bhaskar II
1981
experimental
Remote sensing satellite

Rohini
1st sattelite launched from India
1981
By SLV-3
1st experimental satellite

Earth observatory satellite
PSLV

Catrosat

Catrosat-1
5 May 2005
PSLV (C6)
Indian optical earth observation satellites
Sun Synchronisation satellite

Cartosat-2
10 January 2007
PSLV-C7

Cartosat-2A
28 April 2008
launched by PSLV-C9
Satish Dhawan Space Centre

Cartosat-3
27 November 2019
PSLV-C47
13 commercial mano Sattelite
Sun Synchronous orbit
Potentially used for weather mapping and cartography.

IRS 1A
1st remote sensing satellite
1988 march 17
from the Soviet Cosmodrome at Baikonur.

Resourcesat-1
Sun-synchronous orbit

Oceansat

Oceansat-1 or IRS-P4
26 May 1999
first Indian satellite for Ocean applications
four satellites,
IRS-1B, IRS-1C,
IRS-P3 and IRS-1D

Navigation
GSLV

IRNSS-1A
Satellites been placed in geosynchronous orbit
1 July 2013
Satish Dhawan
L5 frequency band
Rubidium atomic clocks on-board IRNSS-1A failed in 2016
IRNSS 7 Satellite
Position above 10m

Replace by
replace it with IRNSS-1H, in August 2017,

12 April 2018, ISRO launched successfully IRNSS-1I as a replacement for IRNSS-1A.

Telecommunication Sattelite
GSLV

INSAT-1A
Launched in 1982,
@Longitude of 74° east
By Delta 3910/PAM-D
@Cape Canaveral
By USA

INSAT 2E
ARENA SPACE:- Kourou
1999 April 2

INSAT 3C
Climate and environment
Jan 24, 2002
Ariane5-V147

GSAT 7A
Dec 19, 2018

GSAT 31
Feb 06, 2019
Ariane-5 VA-247
40th satellite

GSAT 30
Jan 17, 2020
Ariane-5 VA-251
From French guena
Indian mainland and islands coverage in the Ku band
wider area stretching from Australia to Europe in the lower-frequency C-band (spectrum of frequencies, ranging from 1 to 40 gigahertz)
mission life of over 15 years,
provide DTH [direct-to-home]
connectivity to VSATs [Very Small Aperture Terminals] for ATM,
stock exchange,
Television uplinking and teleport services,
Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG)
e-governance applications.

CMS 01
Dec 17, 2020
PSLV (C50)

Other Sattelite

Calam Sat
Smallest Sattelite
PSLV C44
Space KID India
1st 3D printer

GOSAT
1st satellite for green house
Japan ( Ibuki)

Telescope

ARIES
Russia+India+Belgium
Nanital 2500

Mission

Chandrayan 1

22 October, 2009 using PSLV-C11
high-resolution remote sensing of the moon
prepare a three-dimensional atlas
chemical and mineralogical mapping of the entire lunar surface
high atomic number elements such as Radon, Uranium
and Thorium with high spatial resolution.

2019

Chandrayan 2

Chandrayaan-2 is the second lunar exploration mission
GSLV Mark III.
22 July 2019
reached the Moon's orbit on 20 August 2019
objectives
soft-land on the lunar surface (lunar south pole)
studies of lunar topography, mineralogy, elemental

abundance the lunar exosphere, and signatures of
hydroxyl and water ice.

Geotail

Chandrayaan-2, CLASS (Chandrayaan 2 Large Area Soft X-ray
Spectrometer),

2021

Chandrayan 3

2022

Gaganyan

Indian crewed orbital spacecraft
Indian Human Spaceflight Programme
New center namely Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC)
Gaganyaan National Advisory Council has been created
GSLV Mk III.

ISRO's+Glavcosmo(Russia)=agreement on July 1, 2019

January 22, 2020 ISRO announced Vyommitra

Before the 75th anniversary of India’s independence in 2022

NISAR

Aditya L1

expedition to
study the Sun.
India’s first solar mission.
(PSLV) in XL configuration.
Study the sun’s outer most layers, the corona and the chromospheres.
Collect data about coronal mass ejection,
origin of solar storms
placed in the halo orbit around the
Lagrangian point 1 (L1) of the sun-earth system.

Halo orbit and Langrainan point

Langrainan Point

gravitational pull of two large
masses roughly balance each other

Halo Orbit

2023

Sukrayan 1

2024

Mangalyan 2

NASA

Subtopic

Important Location

MCF:-Karnataka ( Hassan) 1982
Bhopal:- 2005 (INSAT 3C,INSAT 4CR
DRDO:-Delhi
INCOSPAR :-1962 BY Bikram Sarabhai
Thumba :- Lunching Center

1st

Sattelite :- Aryabhat ( Sent by Russia)
ISRO Made and send by Sattelite :-Kalpana
Latest:-C48

Current

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

Subtopic

September

October

November

December

GK Today

INS Kadamba ( 1st Naval Base that doesn't share port facilities with commercial shipping (2005)
Up


Highest Rank in Navy
Admeral of fleet similarly the field Marshal
No officer got this rank till now
INS Virat
Longest serving till British 1959
INS Chakra

INS Chakra INS Arihant are nuclear Submarine

Indian naval Academy :- Ezihimala
Rank of Marshall in Indian Army :- Arjan Singh in 2002
Flight training school :- Hydrabad
Cental aur Commando :- Allahabad
Garuda Commando force established :- 2004
IAS 1500
Strategic Force commando :-2003
Nuclear Command Force
Andaman Nikobar Theater commando :- A & N, 2001

1st Chief of Airforce :-Subroto Mukharjee (1 April 1954)
Free Goa :- ( Operation Vijaya) 1961

HQ Of India armed Force :- Delhi
India Russia :- Benial
Malabar :-Ind+Aur+Jap (Aisa on invitation)
NSG :-Anti terror force
Sarbata Sarvottam Surakhya
Naval rank captain :- Major
Sam Mankesaw :- During Liberation Army (1971)
1st Aircraft after formation Wrsterland wepti 1932

National

National defence academy :- Gudgaon

Taj Hotel (Black tornado)

Sagar Prahari Bal:-2009 Protection to naval assets

Manufacture of C17 Gold Master :- Boing

Lowest :- sub lutinet

High Altitude Welfare school :-Gulmarg

Defence Institute of Advance Technology :- Pune

K9 Bajra :- l & T

1st S to S Missile :- prithivi

Safed Sagar :- Kargil war

From Russia :- mig 29

Mirage and Raffel :- France

Aadami Rifal :-1835


Sasatra Sima Bal formed in 1962 worked under
Sasastra Seema Bal workded under RAW
Called establishment 22

Service and loyality Moto CRPF

Duty into death :- BSF

Central Industrial Security Forces :- 1969

1963 Special Device Bureo

SSB Recuit woman

Service Security and Brotherhood

ITBP Act:- 1992

Motto of ITBP :- Shaurya Didharta Karmanista

SPG Created 1988 (Z Plus to VVIP)

SPG Motto Bravery Dedication Security

1980 Devil project Surface to or missile

Indigratted guided Missile Devlopment program 1983

Prahar Missile Range 150 (Surface to Surface)

Astra Air to Air

Barak Missile :-Isreal Surface to Air

Blue star 1984 Sikh

Static

Exercises

Domestic

Gandiv Vijay (Army)
Paschim Lehar (Army,Navy, Airforce)
Vayu Shakti (IAF)

Bilateral

Sampriti:-Bangladesh
Maitrisakti:-Srilanka
Nomadic elephant;-Mangolia
Surya Kiran :-Nepal
Sakti:-France
Garuda Sakti:-Indonesia
Harimau Sakti :-Malesia (Harinam se mal nehni pina chahiye)
Maitri :- Thailand
Khanjar IV:-Kyrzigstan(Khan kar aya torina (Kry)
Prabal Dkstyak :-Kazagitan (Kahana re prabala lekhichhi)
Dustin:-Uzbekistan
Vijaya Prahar:-USA
Yudh Abhyas:-USA
Al Jagah li:-Oman
Al Nagah li:-Oman
Estern Bridge:-Oman(IAF)
Zira's Al Bahar:-Quatar
Hand in Hand :- Chaina
Bold kuru khatra:-Singapur
Indra:-Russia
Indradhanush:-UK(IAF)
Ajaya warrior:-UK
Konkan:-UK(NAVY)
Slinex:-Indian Srilanka (Sin x)
IMBaX:-Myamar
Eku bherin:-Maldives (Maldiv ku thare gale bahari habani)
Indo-Thai Corpet:-Thailand(Navy)
Dharma gardian :-Japan
LAMITIYE:-Syacchel
PASSEX:-Vietmnam

Multi nation

India+Japan+USA=Malbar
Seven-member countries of BIMSTEC:-BIMSTEC-DMEx 2020
Singapore+Thailand+India=SITMEX

Equipment

Indian Air force
8 October 1832
1st Air chief marshal :- S. Mukharjee
5 operational ,2 functional

Western air :- New Delhi
South west :- Gandhinagar
Central:- Allahabad
Eastern :- Shillong
Southern :- Thiruvananthapuram
Training :- Bengaluru
Maintains:- Nagpur

Equipment

Pilot based

Imported

Russia

France

USA

Feihong-98

Largest unmanned ( Chaina)
180km/hour
1200 range
1.5ton

Indigenous

Helicofter

Dhruv
Light
HAL

Rudra
Compact version of Dhruv
HAL

Aircraft

Subtopic

Unmanned

Imported

Israel

Searcher
Heroine

USA

Gardian

Indogenous

Laksaya

Rutam

Nishant

Netra

1st Indogenous
Sarus

Air refueler

Air to Air
Mid Air

Ilyushin Il-78
users
Russian Air Force
Algerian Air Force
Indian Air Force
Pakistan Air Force

Il-78MKI
For India
Refuel six-eight Sukhoi Su-30MKIs in one mission
.

Indian Navy

West :- Mumbai
East :- Visakhapatnam
South :-Kochi

Equipment

Submarine

Nuclear

Arihanth

Arighat

Chakra

Subtopic

Diesel

Kalvari

Shisumar

Sindhughosh

Subtopic

Warship

Frigate

Talwar

Shivalik

Nilgiri

Brahmaputra

Corvate

Kamorata

Kora

Kurki

Destroyer

Kolkata

Delhi

Rajput

Aircraft carrier

Vicrant
INS Vikrant, also known as Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 1 (IAC-1)

Virat
INS Viraat was commissioned into the Indian Navy on 12 May 1987
Originally British Rayal Navy

Vikramaditya
Kiev-class aircraft carrier
flagship of the Indian Navy, which entered into service in 2013.
Builder:
Black Sea Shipyard, USSR, and Sevmash, Russia
A State Bank of India ATM was opened
first Indian Navy ship to have an ATM

Indian Army
1 April 1825
KM Kariyappa 1st army staff

Western :- Chandimandir
Eastern :- Kolkata
Northen :- Udhampur
Southern :- Pune
Central :- Lucknow
South Western :-Jaipur
Training :- Shimla

Equipment

Missile

Ballastic

Surface to Surface

Integrated guided missile development Programme

Agni
DRDO+BHEL

Medium

Agni I
700–1,200 km
used by the
:-Strategic Force Command
(SFC)

Agni II
2,000–2,500 km

Intermedium
IRBM

Agni III
3,000–5,000 km

Agni IV
3,500–4,000 km

Intercontinental

Agni V
5,000–8,000 km
24 Mach (Agni 5)
Wheeler Island off the coast of Orissa,
Three stage missile
Nuclear Capable Missile

Agni VI
11,000–12,000 km

Prithivi
Short Range
deployed by India's Strategic Forces Command.

Single Stage

Liquid fuel

Prithivi I
150 km

Prithivi II
250–350 km

Two Stage

Solid fuel

Prithivi III
350–600 km

Dhanush
Used by Navy
BDL+DRDO
used as an anti-ship weapon
Nuclear

cruise

Surface to Surface

Souraya
Fire from Prithivi and Agni
1ton nuclear head
2nd strike capacity
700 to 1900
Endogenous

Surface to air

Akash
Initiated 1984
Target 30km long.18km High
50kg payload

Trishul
9km,5.5kg
Sea slimming role
Moving target

Air to surface
Or Air to Ground

Nag

Launch
platform
NAMICA
HAL Rudra
HAL Light Combat Helicopter

SANT
15 to 20

Helina
Helicofter Lunced Nag
7 to 20km

Rudram 1
jointly produced by Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)
Antim radiation missile
Would fuel
Mach 2

Launch
platform
Dassault Mirage 2000
HAL Tejas Mk.1/1A[1]
HAL Tejas Mk.2/MWF
SEPECAT Jaguar
Sukhoi Su-30MKI
MiG-29UPG

Brahmos

Submarine to surface

Sagarika
Nuclear Capable
500kg, Range 750

Air to Air

Astra
Head On Mode 80
Tail Chase Mode 120

Multi platform

Brahmos

India+Russia
Ship,Land,
Submarine
Mach 2.8 to 3
290km

Nirbhaya

Long-range Subsonic
1000 km
0.7 Mac

Anti tank guided Missile

Nag
3rd generation
Fire and forget
230m/sex
Land version 4 to 6
Air version 7 to 8

Rocket launcher

Pinaka

Pinaka Mark I

Firing multiple war head
Unguided rocket luncer
Solid fuel
40km
Used in kargil
Used by Indian Army
DRDO ,L @T ,Ordinace factory
T-930 multi-fuel turbocharged
V8 engine with intercooler

Pinaka Mark II

Chandipur
Armament Research and Development Establishment (ARDE), Pune;
Research Centre Imarat (RCI),
Hyderabad; and Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL),

Sketch Multiple barrel rocket
SS25O
Russia early 1980

Warning System

Netra
1st endogenous build
Early Warning Control System
240degree
Balakote Operations
Air to Surface
Air to sea
Air to Air
Distinguish between ( Enemy and friend)

Swati
2017
DRDO+Radar development Establishment
Passive array plan to be the active array
Adjusting the fire of it's own artelaey

Current

January

Netra
1st endogenous build
Early Warning Control System
240degree
Balakote Operations
Air to Surface
Air to sea
Air to Air
Distinguish between ( Enemy and friend)

February

Bullet proof jacket :- AK 47 from 400 m by Anum Mishra: Army Major
Thal sena Bhavan :-New Delhi
Ajay Warrior :-UK
INS Jamuna :- Geographic Survey in Srilanka
4th warship :-INS Kavarati

September

6 Pinaka regiment to the artelaey unit of Indian Army
Tata power limited and L and T
Prithvi-II, that was test-fired by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO),:-Surface to surface
randomly chosen from the production stock
by the Army and was monitored by DRDO Scientists.
Chandipur base in Odisha.
JIMEX :-India and Japan
CAG Observe the 223 cores expenditure made by IAF
Defence Acquisition Procurement under:- Apurva Chandra

India-Singapore Defence Policy Dialogue (DPD) :-bilateral defence ties in a comprehensive manner.
DB Sekatkar
committee review ASHQ:-
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Defence Ministers’ Meet :-Moskow
Hypersonic Technology Demonstrations Vehicle:-DRDO
India signed Acqusition and cross serving Agreement between India and Japan (Defence force , Equipment provide )
External Affair Minister : Afgan talk in Doha
exercise named ‘Zolfaghar-99’ in the Sea of Oman :- IRAN
Largest Aro show :-Bengulure
Indra :- India Rissua (Navy Ship)
Indradhanush:-India UK
Department of Science and Technology VAIBHAV Summit, with DRDO

October

India-Srilanka (SLINEX)
October 19 to 21, 2020 at Trincomalee, Sri Lanka.
Japan sign a Defence pact with Vietnam
Vietnam (PASSEX)
USA Air to Ground missile:- Taiwan
New Delhi :- India and USA 2+2 dialog
acquire 72,000 assault rifles :- USA

November

Indo thai corpet (Navy)
SITMEX:-India vs Singapore
SATAT :-Ministey of petrol and Natural bad
UNICEF :- Announced 2 Billion corona vaccine
UMANG :- IT Minister
Shared diwas November :-Tech bahadur.
Airport authority :- New delhi
IMD, Cyclone Nivar is estimated to cross Tamil Nadu and Puducherry coasts and make landfalls in the evening on November 25.
AAnand :-LIC

Programming Language

Low level

Macine
Directly understood by Computer
1 or 0
Recognise code and convert it into electrical sygnal
No translator
Very fast
Lots of code so Programme error

Assembly
Translator covert it to macine language
2nd generation language
Macine dependent
Some letter suitable for macine code

High-level
Simple English language and
Mathematical symbols
COBOL(Common Business Oriented Language)
FORTAIN (Formula Translation)
BASIC(,Biggner all propose Symbolic Instruction)

Operating System

Utility Software

Utility tool
Customised software

Application software

Text,
Graphics,
Multimedia,
Language

Sustem Software

Single user

DOS
Mac-OS
Windows xp 7,8.1

Multiple User

Unix, Windows Server

First (1947-1959) Vaccume tube (V7a9)
Second (1959-1965) Transistor (T65)
Third (1965-1971) Integrated Circuit (IC71)
Fourth (1971-1980) Micro Processer VLSI (MPVLSI80)
Fifth (1980 onward)ULSI Micro processer

Analog
0 to 10 volt
1% accuracy
Tempo, Pressure
Speed,
Speedometer
Electrical Volt
Lord Kelvin
ENIAC 1st digital computer
MIT wirlwind macine (1955)

Digital
0 off
1 on
Accuracy unlimited
Business
Education

Combine feather of analog and digital
Used to control rbort

Weather
Map atombomb Earthquake prediction
Trillion instruction per second

Input
Raw Data
Mouse(Douglas Engelbert)
Mouse
Lightpen
Trackball
Joystick
Scanner
Digiter
Microphone
Sound recieve into Computer format
Digital camera
Digi cam

MICR(Magnetic Ink() Character Recognition)

Locator device
Touchpad

Pointing device
Mouse
Light pen

CPU
No intelligence
ALU:-Processor

Assembler

Interpreter

Ram

Rom

Subtopic

Compiler

Output
Information

Monitor
Thousand colour dot

Cathod ray tube
Electric gun @ back of glass tube

LCD
Tiny cell liquid crystal

Printer

Impacts printer
Mechanical contact between paper head and printer
Dot matrix,daisy wheel

DMP
Print one character at a time

Non impact printer

Inject printer
Store in caridges
Creat Impression of text or image

Laser printer
Powders ink is tranafer
Text or image partten

Ploter

Good Quality drawing and geaph

Speaker
Receive the sound in form of electric current

Mini computer
Cheaper than the above two
Small type business

Micro/PC
CPU on a microcheap in the form of RAM and ROM

Notebook
Display screen VGA resolution

Super Computer
PARAM(C-DAC) in pune
PARAM 8000 1991
PRATYUSH (2017)
Tianhe-2 is china’s super computer and considered as world’s fastest super computer
Shasra T is considered as India’s fastest super computer of India manufactured by Indian Institute of science.

Short form

DNS :-Domine