Canadian History by Omar Sweis

Internment Camps

After what Japan did, Canada was worried about the Japanese Canadians

Their idea was to kick every Japanese Canadian put of their homes and put them into Internment Camps

It didn't matter if they were born and lived in Canada their entire lives

Because they didn't even trust their own Canadians, they didn't allow any Japanese immigrants to come to Canada during these times

Japanese Canadians also had to work in these camps to make sure they're functionally

They had to work for their own punishment

Battle of Dieppe

Results

Casualties

907 Canadian soldier died

106 Allied aircraft were destoryed

Triple Axis won

Battle started and ended August 19, 1942

Canadians joined the first day

Canadian contributions

They did frontal attacks

This put major pressure on the Axis forces

Evironment

Dieppe

Dunkirk

Battle started May 26 1940

Ended June 4 1940

Canadians joined Dunkirk in 1939, they were there when the battle officially started

Canadian contributions

The Canadian navy helped fight in the battle of Dunkirk

Environment

Weather

Not cloudy

Occasional thunder storms

Results

Casualities

17,000 soldiers died

Triple Axis won

A strategy by Germans

Hit fast and hit hard

The main goal is to invade into enemy territory as much as you can

They would attack using mostly tanks, if they had to use foot soldiers, the solider would be near tanks

Canadian Contributions

Every time any Canadian fought in the war, it would fight against blitzkrieg

Areal troops

Tank riders

Foot soilders

Naval troops

Battle of Ortona

Results

Casualties

2,300 allied casualties

500 Canadians died

26,000 Italian casualties

Triple Allies won

Battle started December 20 1943

Ended December 28 1943

Canadians joined the first day

Canadian contributions

Mountain boys

2,600 Canadians troops

Environment

Ortona Italy

The Battle of the Atlantic

Results

The Triple Allies won

36,000 merchants died

36,000 allied soldiers died

2,352 Canadian casualties

Environment

It was wet

Battle started September 3, 1939

Ended 1945, 6 years later

Canadians joined 10 September 1939

Canadian contributions

Sent Royal Air Force Coastal troops

D-Day

Results

5,000 Canadians died

200,000 German casualties

Triple Alliance won

Environment

Strong winds, rough seas

Near the cost of Normandy

Battle started ended June 6, 1944, was originally the 5th but because of weather, it was delayed

ended 30 June 1944

Canadians joined the first day

Canadian contributions

14,000 troops

Canadian navy

14,000 troops

Gave 110 ships

Battle of Britain

Environment

English Channel

Results

The Triple Alliance won because Hitler knew he couldn't beat the hurricanes so he surrendered

Battle started July 10 1940

Ended October 31 1940

Canadians joined first day

Canadian contributions

100 Canadians fought in the battle

The Royal Canadian Air Force fought in the battle

She created the hurricane

The hurricane was fast, stronger and better than any German plane

The hurricane was the main reason the Triple Alliance won

She found a way to make airplanes in a quick amount of time

Evironment

Island of Sicily

Weather

The weather was extremely windy

The Triple Alliance used this weather to their advantage by using the fact that the Triple Axis forces wouldn't think they would use airplanes in this weather

Results

Triple Alliance won because they managed to the Triple Axis forces retreat off the island

Casualties

5,300 Canadians Died

135,000 Italians Died

100,000 Axis Soldiers captured

30,000 Nazis Died

19,400 Canadians Injured

23,000 Allies Casualties

Battle started July 9 1943

Ended Aug 17 1943

Canadians joined the first day of the battle

Canadian contributions

The first day they came in they defeated a lot of Italian Soldiers, advancing their forces easily

Because of this, on the second day the Canadians came. Many Italian soldiers were surrendering

Canadians breached German defensive borders

Breaching defensive lines made it easier for the Triple Alliance forces to travel through Sicily

It made sure the the Triple Axis forces couldn't hide behind them anymore

BLM Movements

Discrimination that led to BLM

When activities in the 90s brought attention to this problem

Martin Luther King

Death by police that weren't warranted and were cause by discrimination

Trayvon Martin

Micheal Brown

Segregation when the supreme court allowed businesses to discriminate against black people

Slavery

BLM modern day

The goal still hasn't changed, BLM is still a way to spread awareness and stop discrimination on black people

It is still needed during this time as police are still murdering black people when not warranted

Daunte Wright

George Floyd

After multiple discrimination and multiple crime cases from discrimination against Black people from government and police as well as multiple hate groups for Black people. People were fed up.

People created BLM, in order to spread awareness of discrimination

LGBTQA+ Movements

In August 28, 1971. 100 - 200 people came to Parliament Hill in Ottawa

They demand 10 rights to stop homophobia

Results

Original Outcome Results

All their demands were rejected

Effects around Canada

Parliament hill may have rejected the demands, however Ottawa become the first province to ban discrimination against LGBTQ++

LGBTQ++ members were allowed to immigrate to Canada

Toronto become the first province to ban discrimination against LGBTQ++

Indigenous Movements

Multiple Indigenous women have gone missing and multiple murders of Indigenous women have not been solved, and the police did nothing

To combat this the people created the MMIWG

This organization is to help find these missing women or solve these murder cases

Environmental Movements

Trevor Hancock suggested that Canada should have a green party to protect Canadian

This goal changed in the long term to fight climate change

The Green Party wanted to make up for the lack of innovative that the government was doing and actually increasing Canada's carbon footprint

Insecticides

During the 1970 Canada was planning on using spraying forests with insecticides

There was also a possible link that the insecticides were killing children

Camp Breton began protesting about the use of insecticides

When there was a vote to say yes or no to the insecticides, 18 to 1 people voted against it

Earth Day

Earth Day was a way to spread awareness about the earth's ecosystem

There was no acts to prevent people from damaging the environment

April 22 1970 was the first time Earth Day was officially celebrated it

Canada was one of the countries that celebrated on the first Earth Day

Feminist Movements

Suffragettes

These would be women fighting for the right to vote and the ability to run for office

In 1917 - 1940 Canada slowly gave women the rights to be able to vote in every province

Person's case

The BNA act was an act that stated "persons" however, this only meant men

Women protested against this so that "persons" would mean women as well

The Canadian government listened to them and stated the "persons" means women as well, and not just men

Charter of Rights

When the charter of rights when introduced the Irene Murdoch situation was still new

This led women to feel like the charter didn't cater to the inequality women were facing nor protecting them from it

Women stroke protests in order to combat this

The Canadian government listened to them and made them write an "equality clause" in the charter

Irene Murdoch got divorced and her and her husband shared a farm when married.

They both put the same amount of effort and the same amount of time into that farm

When the divorce case settled Irene's former ex-husband got the farm and Irene got $200/month

This led to protests and changed laws around divorce to make settlement more equal

Burning Bras

This would be women burning their bars and walking around braless

This was supposed to represent the women freedom have

Canadians were upset that they were getting either no jobs or the jobs they were getting were paying very little that they couldn't buy anything

The strike was to protest that people should have more job opportunities and that there should be higher pay and less hours

The strike was happening for months

People without jobs were giving up the strike and went make to low paying jobs just so they could mean ends meet

Results

Most leaders were arrested

Many people in the strike didn't have a job to go back to

This strike brought more attention to the economical problems of Canada to everyone throughout Canada

They failed in their original goal and no demands were met

Job Loss

Soldiers coming back were out of a job

Factory owners made so much money during the war

They decided to close down their businesses

Women who were working in these factories were told to go back home and do their womanly duties

Women, who have been doing most of the work during the war were outrage

Women as well joined the general strike

They were asking for jobs but if they got one someone would have either be fired or laid off

People were complaining more as the money they got from being in the war wasn't good enough

People were fed up and created a general strike

Spanish Flu

The Spanish Flu caused a pandemic

Schools, churches, business, etc. were all closed down

50,000 Canadians died from this disease

Lead to the Federal Department of Health

Battle of Ypres

Results

Canada gained respect for their efforts

Casualites

22,000 French casualties

6,500+ Canadian casualties

59,000 British casualties

35,000 German casualties

Environment

Weather

Very rainy, rained every day of the battle

This lead to the location being very muddy

Battle set at westside Ypres

Starts at April 22, 1915

Ended May 25, 1915

Canadians joined the first week

Canadian Contributions

Canadians created the famous poem Flanders Field

Hold down the triple alliance forces to for triple entente soldiers to come for backup

This lead into triple entente forces to win the battle

They didn't have gas masked, so they did this by breathing into handkerchiefs filled with urine

Environment

Weather

Rained 2/3 days for the entire battle

The battle was very muddy

This slowed down soldiers and animals getting some of them killed

Battle set at Ypres

Battle started July 31, 1917

Ended November 10, 1917

Canadians joined first week

Canadian Contributions

Around 100,000 soldiers were Canadian

Results

Triple Entente won

Casualties

Unknown amount of animals were killed during this battle

16,000 Canadian casualties

222,000 German casualties

275,000 British casualties

Environment

Weather

Sunny for most

Rainy on other days

Very muddy

Trenches

Had barbed wires surrounding it

450 miles long

River of Somme

Results

The Triple Axis won

Causalities

Canada gained respect for their efforts

More than 1 million causalities

Battle started July 1 1916

Ended November 18 1916

Canadians arrived before the battle began

Canadian contributions

Helping the attack

Helped attack the Courcelette

Helped attack the Thiepval

Helped attack Ancre Heights

Women

Voulnteers

Other Non Profit Organizations

Red Cross

Created Women Organizations

They gave soldiers items they made

Crafts

Baked Goods

Quilts

Bandages

Bed Clothing

Knitted Gloves

This organizations would help women in struggling times

Women would give other women resources that they need

They replaced alot of jobs at home

Women and children replaced industry jobs

Because most of the males were sent to war

Women and chilren replaced farmer jobs

Because most of the males were sent to war

Women would volunteer to be war nurses

They would wear these blue outfits

So soldiers called them bluebirds

Because of their hard work during those uncertain times they received praise

they would receive honors

Helped heal wounds of soliders

Saved many soldiers' lives

Results

Canada was established as a country not a British colony

Triple Entente won

Casualties

10,000 total casualties

Battle started April 9 1917

Ended April 12 1917

Canadians troops came before the battle ready to set up their defesnses

Canadian contributions

Canada brought all divisons of their soilders soilders

Environment

Weather

Windy

Battle Field

Muddy

Trenches filled with animals

Lice

Fleas

Mouses

Took place in Vimy Ridge, France

Cold

Snowy

Homefront

Properganda

Would Appear everywhere

Street Walls

Movies

Billboards

More work load

Factorys had to work harder

They were creating weapons, ammo and other supplies for the soldiers at this time

Farmers had to work harder

The amount of soldiers fighting for the triple entente was a-lot

Because of this farmers need to make as much food as possible for Canadian citizens and soldiers

They didn't allow immigrants during this time

They worried that everyone they allowed would be a spy

Prime Minstears were in complete control

They could arrest anyone who they suspected to be a spy

Reduce food consuption

Soldiers needed as much food as they can and to take off the load of farmers, people would do special causes to save food

Wheat-less Wednesdays

Wheatless Wednesdays

On Wednesdays people wouldn't eat any food with wheat in them so they could give it to soldiers

On Mondays people wouldn't eat any meat based products so they could give it to soldiers

Art

Memebers

Subtopic

Goal

Goal/Results

To stray away from Britain and what was popular there

They wanted to do this by showing natural Canadian landscapes

In the end the were successful by showcasing Canadian art al over the world and inspiring Canadian artist to find their own style. EX: Emily Carr

Members

Honorary

Tom Thompson

Tom Thompson would suggest the idea the group of seven

His art style would be the style the group of seven was known for

Sadly he died before the group was officially created

Emily Carr

Emily Carr was known for her drawings and her writings

Emily Carr was inspired by Lawren Harris

She would often visit the group and hang out with them

The group did like her a lot and declared her an honorary member

Offical

A.Y Jackson

Frank Carmichael

Franz Johnston

Lawren Harris

Arthur Limser

J.E.H Macdonald

F.H Varley

A.J Casson

Art Style

Usually would draw natural Canadian landscapes

Long strokes using oil paint

Entrainment

Movies

Silent films were loosing their popularity

Talkies were taking over

Talkies were films that were not silent and had sound

The first talkie was The Jazz Singer

Dance

Dancing competitions

Dancing competitions would be very popular in 1920s

Most had competitions that give money and have different divisions

Pros would join in beginner divisions to get easy money

They would last from days, to weeks, to months with some breaks in-between

This would actually be a problem because some people would die from these competitions because of the constant dancing

Popular dance moves

The Shimmy

The Texas Tommy

The Brazilian Samba

The Black Bottom

The Foxtrot

The Tango

Dancing at night clubs would be very popular in the 1920s

Music

Jazz music was popular at the time

It was invented by African Americans

Oscar Peterson being a famous name of Jazz in the 1920s

Sports

Hockey

First recorded being playing in Montreal in 1875

The origins of hockey are still not known but most people think they came from Canada

It may not be true that Canada created the game they're really good at it

They created the NHL in 1917

And hosted many games during the 1920s

Baseball

Origins come from 2 games rounders and cricket

Popularized in 1800s

It was a simple game

Since the game has been created the rules have been constantly changing

Basketball

First popularized in the US, then afterwards came to Canada

Another reason it grew was the fact it was a low-risk game, meaning less people were getting injured playing it

Created by James Naismith in 1981 at Spring field college

The game has a lot of native roots

The Olmec Civilization actually played the game in1200-400 BCE

Crime

Bank Robberies would take place in the 1920s

Prostitution was common in the 1920s

Pornography

Counterfeiting

Human trafficking

Murder

Tax/Inseurance fraud

Bootlegging

This was selling alcohol illegally

People managed to smuggle alcohol throw borders between the US and Canada

This also including selling their own alcohol

People usually created something called rotgut

Rotgut was a poorly made drink with toxic alcohol

Drinking rotgut would lead to blindness, sickness, and even death

Women

Suffragettes

These would be women fighting for the right to vote and the ability to run for office

Person's case

The BNA act was an act that stated "persons" however, this only meant men

Women protested against this so that "persons" would mean women as well

The Canadian government listened to them and stated the "persons" means women as well, and not just men

Fashion

Women's

Flapper girls

Women were making a statement, they wanted to change how soectity saw women

Flapper girls wore tiny hats

Flapper girls had short loose dresses

Flapper girls had short, masculine like hair

Accessories

Feathers

Hats

Umbrellas

Women during this time wore a variety of clothes

Casual clothes

Little black dresses

Fancy dresses

Daywear

Fur coats

Kid's fashion

Dresses

With a light cardigan around them

Men's

Kid's fashion

Clothes made from velvet

Sailor like outfits

Grooming was very important for men in this era

They would have a clean cut of hair

Beards were hardly seen during this time

Accessories

Canes

Men's clothing was the most formal it has ever been

Wore top hats

Overcoats

Knitted sweaters

Wore suits

Technology/Science

Inventions/Discoveries

Insulin

Discovered by Sir Frederick G Banting, Charles H Best, and JJR Macleod in the University of Toronto

Insulin was a way for people to survive type 1 diabetes

Before people with type 1 could only live 1 to 2 years

With insulin their life span increased

Penicillin

Discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming and his team

Penicillin was used to stop bacteria from growing

It stopped a lot of diseases

Infections

Pneumonia

Gonorrhoea

The Television

Invented in 1927 by Philo Farnsworth

It was a way to get easy news, and entertain families. as well as see visuals.

They costed alot, however so most people during this time had a radio

Cars (Ford T)

Invented in 1908

The Ford T was a fast was to travel around a city or visit a neighbouring one

They were really expensive

Instant Camera

Invented by Samuel Shlafrock

The instant camera was supposed to be a portable way for people to take pictures without setting up a huge camera. However it costed a lot so not everyone had it

The police found it to be a very useful tool

It works really well in dark rooms

Pablum

Pablum is basically baby food

Children at this time were suffering from rickets, a disease cause by lack of nutrients. Mostly affected children and babies because their lack of teeth made it hard to eat food

Pablum was smooth, and liquid like so people could easily digest it without biting and get they get their nutrients. Stopping rickets.

Popularization

Fridge

Fridges were popularized during this time

They made storing food easier

Before people had different ways to store food depending on weather but they couldn't check if their food was expired

The fridge was a quick fix

Hydroelectricity

1st used in 1878

Its a clean way to get electricity

Radio

Invented the in 1800s

Popularized because it was cheaper than a T.V aswell as a great source of entertainment

Electric Washing Machines

Planes

Because the war was over planes weren't just for the military

These planes were just meant to travel

They allowed more jobs like pilots and allowed people to travel quickly

Telephone

Made it easier to talk to people from a long distance

Letters take months to get to their recipient and mailing problems, like messed up addresses do happen.

Phones make it so it could take those months and turn it into a couple of seconds

Riots came from this event

Murder came from the riots

Caused by the stock market crashing

Businesses couldn't afford to stay open

Owners who had money left, stopped their company and left

People lost their jobs, 4/5 Canadians didn't have jobs

Relief camps were open for jobless men

Because people couldn't get jobs, they couldn't afford their homes

Majority of Canadians were homeless

Men would ride ontop of trains to go to different cities to find jobs

They couldn't pay for the train ticket so they found a cheap alternative

This was the time Canada had the lowest job rate