PARTS OF SPEECH

VERB-
A DOING

FINITE VERB-

HAS A SUBJECT AND A TENSE

TO BE-FINITE VERB

IS, AM, ARE,WAS-ALL FINITE VERBS

EXAMPLES- THE GIRL WALKS

Subtopic

NON-FINITE VERB

HAS NO SUBJECT AND NO TENSE

EXAMPLE-WALKING

THE INFINITIVE

ALWAYS PROCEEDED BY A 'TO'

EXAMPLE- TO WALK; TO SLEEP; TO WORK

EXAMPLE- SHE FOUND IT HARD TO WORK

GERUNDS- ING

VERB ACTING LIKE A NOUN

EXAMPLE: THE CONTINUOUS WALKING
OF THE GIRL WAS ANNOYING

PARTICIPLE

FORMED FROM A NON-FINITE VERB

ACTS LIKE AND ADJECTIVE

EXAMPLE- THERE WERE TWO GIRLS: ONE THE WALKING ONE,
ONE HAD RED HAIR

REMEMBER THE TEST FOR AN ADJECTIVE

NOUNS
IT NAMES THINGS

PROPER NOUNS

BEGIN WITH A CAPITAL LETTER

AND ARE NAMES FOR PEOPLE AND TOWNS

EXAMPLE- TUGELA, ANDISWA, CAPE TOWN

ABSTRACT NOUN

USED FOR THINGS YOU CAN'T TOUCHED

COMMON NOUN

ORDINARY NAMES FOR COMMON OBJECTS

EXAMPLE- DESK, PERSON, SKY

COLLECTIVE NOUN

A SINGULAR WORD USED
FOR A GROUP OF THINGS

EXAMPLE- A MURDER OF CROWS
A HERD OF CATTLE

ADJECTIVES
DESCRIBES A NOUN

ADJECTIVES OF DEGREE

These are adjectives used to compare
something with someone else

POSITIVE
Clean

COMPARATIVE
Cleaner

SUPERLATIVE
Cleanest

INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES

When someone questions something

EXAMPLE; WHICH Person?
WHOSE pencil? WHAT sickness?

PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES

A present particle plays the role of an
adjectives

EXAMPLE: The hanging branch became the perfect swing

NUMERICAL ADJECTIVES

Include all the numbers as well as words
like 'many' and 'few' when used with nouns

EXAMPLE: Ten cows; Many flies
Few people

PROPER ADJECTIVES

Formed out PROPER nouns

EXAMPLE; British people
[From the PROPER noun BRITAIN

EXAMPLE: ZULU culture
AMERICAN law, TUGELA river

DEMONSTRATIVE
ADJECTIVE

When comparing two things, one uses
relative adjectives

EXAMPLE; THAT table
THOSE friends, THESE books.

ADVERBS
MODIFIES A VERB

ADVERB of Time

Tells WHEN the verb occurs

EXAMPLE: The girl runs TODAY

There is also an adverbial phrase of time

ADVERB of Place

Tells us WHERE the verb occurs

EXAMPLE: The girl washes her hair there

Adverbial phrase of place

ADVERB of Manner

Tells us HOW the verb occurs

EXAMPLE: The girl washes her hair gently

Adverbial phrase of manner

PRONOUNS
TAKES THE PLACE OF A NOUN

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

I,You, ,He/She/It [1st, 2nd,3rd
person singular]

We, You,They. [1st,2nd,3rd
person plural

EXAMPLE: I will go to town with you

EXAMPLE: We will go to town with them

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

Shows that things BELONG to a person

Yours, Mine, His, Hers

EXAMPLE: This book is mine, yours is
over there.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Refers to the previous pronoun
[like reflexive angles]

Myself, Yourself,Himself,Herself

EXAMPLE: I wash myself, they wash
themselves

RELATIVE PRONOUN

Who, whom, whose, which,that

WHO and WHOM are used for PEOPLE
The girl who ran to town

WHICH and THAT are used for THINGS
The book that was lying on the table

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN

These SHOW which noun is meant:
this, that,these, those

EXAMPLE: Do this before you do that

CONJUNCTIONS
IT JOINS TWO CLAUSES
OR PHRASES

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Join two EQUAL clauses, phrases or even just words.
Coordinating means of equal worth

There are only 7 of theses

EXAMPLE: FANBOYS
For;And;Nor;But;Or;Yet;So

When a coordinating conjunction is used between
clauses, with no other conjunctions in the sentence
the conjunction[s] form a COMPOUND sentence

SUB-ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

They form a complex sentence

PREPOSITIONS
SHOWS RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN

Use at or by

EXAMPLE: We were amazed at all the circus animals
We were amused by the clowns

SIMILAR TO
DIFFERENT FROM
COMPARED WITH
CONTRASTED TO
DIFFE

ARTICLES
SHOWS SPECIFICITY

THE DEFINITE ARTICLE: THE

The tree; the girl; the table.
It indicates a SPECIFIC noun.

When reading 'the' before a vowel.
it is pronounced 'thee'

THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE: A/AN

A table: a girl: an owl: an unusual color

INTERJECTIONS
SHOWS EMOTIONS

EXAMPLE : OUCH! WOW! GOSH!

Kattintson ide a térkép középre állításához
Kattintson ide a térkép középre állításához