UNIT 3-LISTENIG/ E.E. Teaching Language Comprenhension/ Student:Oliva Gpe.Ceballos Alpuche/5thNovember2022^

Schema Theories

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A schema theory is a theory about knowledge,how is represented and how that representation facilitates the use of the knowledge.

Involve

Bottom-up processing

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Involves the movement of data from the page to the brain,triggering past experiences about the topic.

Top-down processing

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The brain attempt to find an existing knowledge structure to superimpose onto the coming data to facilitate the assimilation of new information.

Practical suggestions to master listening skills


Rost(1991)

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Focusing on meaning and trying to learn new and important content.Working on comprehension activities.Pay attention to accuracy and analysis of form.

Underwood (1989)

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Provide opportunities to use tapes/videos/self-access study materials. Understand learners’s needsVisualize objectives Set meainingful ,focus,graded listening task

Genre

Listening Difficulties

Difficulties for an EFL learner by Rixon(1986)

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Namely the english structures with the weak relationship between meaning in language expressions in the context.Changes in the sounds when they occur in rapid,connected speech with various tones.The rhythm pattern of English speech.The different ways of pronouncing the same sound.

Listening Difficulties by Ur(1984)

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1.Problems of soundsPronunciation,rhythm,intonation and stress. 2.Lacking the ability to skim what is heard,Inability to keep up with redundancy,noise,and the inability to guess 3.Lacking exposure and practiceLack of practice with different kinds of accents and colloquial vocabulary 4.Inability to link words to the contextLack of strategies to summarize heard information at macro and micro-level

Multimedia

The listening process

Requires

Stages

Involves

Linguistic and cognitive skills

Individual linguistic units

Strategies and expectations of the listener

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