They serve as a banker to other banks and to their country' s government
They set/fix and manage interest rates to control the economy
They issue/ control or regulate the supply/ production of money/ currency (coins and banknotes) in the country
They oversee the country' s monetary policy
They mantain price stability by controlling inflation
They fix exchange rates/manage foreign exchange reserves
They give their country' s government financial advice
They manage public debt (money borrowed by the government)
They control the activities of commercial banks and in extreme circumstances/ times of crisis they prevent the country' s banking system from failing (providing funds/lending money to the economy when commercial banks cannot cover a shortage)
