MODAL VERBS
have to
deductions & conclusions
You have so much work and you’re not feeling well. This has got to be a tough time for you.
obligation
You’ve got to drive more slowly! We’re in a 30-mile-an-hour zone.
can
general truth
Swans can be very vicious.
ability
I cam swim very well.
asking permission
Can I use your phone?
giving permission
You can take my pen.
may
giving permission
You may take my car today.
asking permission
May I take your lipstick.
possibility
I think I may go to the doctor today
ought to
What is desired or ideal
They ought to have more parks in the city centre.
What is likely
There ought to be some good films at the cinema this weekend.
should
advice & suggestions
You should tell him what you think.
what is likely to happen
There should be a very big crowd at the party. Mary has so many friends.
Surprise or regret
I’m amazed that he should have done something so stupid.
I’m sorry that he should be so upset by what I said.
must
rules & law
All passengers must present valid photo identification at check-in for all flights.
obligation & necessity
Seat belts must be worn even in the back of the car.
polite invitation
You must come and see us soon.
deductions
That must be a fake!