Nanotechnology is the design, fabrication and use of nanostructured systems and the growing ,shaping or assembling of such systems either mechanically ,chemically or biologically to form nanoscale architecture , systems and devices
The materials having structured components with at least one dimension less than 100 nm are know as Nanomaterials
Electrical : Insulators become conductors (silicon)
Chemical :inert become catalysts(platinum) ,stable turn combustible(aluminum) ,Solids turn into liquid at room temperature(gold)
Optical :opaque substance become transparent (copper)
Subtopic
SOL-GEL METHOD
Procedure : 1)Formation of stable alkoxide or solvated metal precursor
2) Gelation
3)Aging of gel
4)Dying of the gel
5)Dehydration
6)Densification and decomposition of the gel
Reactions involved : 1)MOR + H2O ->MOH +ROH (hydrolysis)
2)MOH + ROM -> M-O-M + ROH(condensation)
Applications :1) manufacturing ceramics
2)Optics ,electronics, energy ,space medicine
3)Zeolite synthesis
CNTs are made up of carbon and look like a long, thin cylinders
Types :1) Single walled Nano tubes(SWNTS) 2)Multi walled Nano tubes (MWNTS)
Synthesis of CNTS: 1) Arc Discharge Method 2)Laser ablation technique 3)Chemical vapour deposition
Properties : 1) CNTs are strong and stiff due to sp2 bonds between C atoms 2)Hardness
3)Kinetic
4) Electric
5)Optical
6)Electromagnetic waves absorption
7)Thermal
8)Toxicity
Subtopic
Applications :1) used to make space elevators ,stab proof ,bullet proof clothing
2)Paper battery
3)Solar cells
4)Hydrogen storage
5)Medical
Types :1) Thermotropic liquid crystals 2)Lyotropic liquid crystals
3)Nematic liquids crystals
4)Cholestric liquid crystals
5)Smectic liquid crystals
Applications :1) Displays of watches ,calculators ,TVs and computers
2)Medicinal Thermography
3)Radiation and Pressure sensor
4)Electronic Industry
5)Aerodynamic testings
Liquid crystals are matter in state that has properties between those of liquid and those solid crystals