Different types of separation

Methods of magnetic attraction uses principle of magnetism to separate a mixture of magnetic and non-magnetic substances

Chromatography means colour writing. It is an analytical
method of isolating the coloured components of a mixture.

Chromatography is of various kinds such as paper chromatography,
liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography.

Paper chromatography is used to separate the components of a mixture by
treating the mixture with a solvent.

Paper chromatography is used for:

1.finding colour in dyes
2.finding coloured subtances used in food products such as sweets and canned vegetables
3.identifying poisons or drugs
4.deleting traces of unpermitted additives in foodstuffs
5.RNA fingerprinting in forensics

Evaporation means a gradual change of state from
liquid to gas that occurs at the liquid's surface.
Some examples of evaporation are rainwater evaporating
from a warm pavement after a thunderstorm and
wet paint drying as solvents in the paint evaporate.

The method of evaporation is used to separate dissolved
solids from a solution. You can separate salt from a salt-water solution only by evaporation.

In evaporation, the solution containing the dissolved solid is heated.
The water escapes into the air as gas, leaving behind the solid.

Filtration can be applied to separate solids from liquids (like chalk from water) as well as solids from solids (like sand from salt).

A liquid containing solid particles is called a 'suspension' When a suspension is filtered, the solid that remains on the filter paper is called the 'residue' (eg. chalk), the liquid or solution that passes through the filter paper is the 'filtrate' (eg. water)

A mixture of 2 solids can only be separated by filtration, only if one of them is soluble in a particular solvent but the other is not.

Oil and water do not mix. They are immiscible.

Ethanol and water mix together to form a new solution.
They are known to be miscible.

To separate 2 miscible liquids, use FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION.

Fractional Distillation separates a solution into its parts
or fractions.

Fractional distillation is used to

1.separate the constituents of air
2.obtain liquid nitrogen
3.obtain petroleum fractions from crude oil
4.make alcoholic beverages.