DEMOSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

WE USE ''THESE'' FOR
THINGS NEAR US

THESE ARE MY DAUGHTERS

THESE ORANGES ARE DELICIOUS

WE USE ''THOSE'' FOR
THINGS FAR
AWAY FROM US

THOSE ARE HIS SHOES

MY SON HAVE TO READ
THOSE BOOKS BEFORE THE MONTH ENDS

WE USE ''THIS''
IT FOR SOMETHING
NEAR US

THIS IS A PENCIL

THIS IS A BALL

WE USE ''THAT ''
FOR SOMETHING
FAR AWAY
FROM US

THAT IS MY TOY

I ALWAYS BUY IN
THAT SUPERMARKET

forms

Afirmative form:
There is a cereal box
on the table

ESTRUCTURE

There + is + Article + noun

Negative form:
There is not a cereal box
on the table

ESTRUCTURE

There + is + Not + Article + noun

YES/ NO question:
Is there a cereal box
on the table?

ESTRUCTURE

is + There+ Article/any + noun + ?

FORMS

Afirmative form:
There are
leaves on the plant

ESTRUCTURE

There + are + Article + noun

Negative form:
There aren't leaves
on the plant

ESTRUCTURE

There + are + Not + Article + noun

Interrogative form:
Are there leaves on
the plant?

ESTRUCTURE

are + There+ Article/any + noun + ?

USED TO COMPARE TWO THINGS,
PLACES OR PEOPLE

SHORT ADJETIVES

DOUBLE THE FINAL CONSONANT
IF IT COMES RIGHT AFTER A VOWEL:
LOWER; SHORTER

Pedro is
younger than Julian

FOR ADJ ENDING IN -E, JUST ADD -R:
CUTER

Marlyn's cellphone is
larger than my cellphone

FOR ADJ IN -Y, CHANGE -Y TO -I AND ADD -ER:
HEALTHIER

I am friendlier than Maria

LONG ADJETIVES

The form the comparative of most adjetives of two
or more sylables, add more before the adjetive:
MORE INTELIGENT, MORE ATRACTIVE

IRREGULAR

BAD - WORSE

That's worse than sharing your toothbrush.

GOOD - BETTER

The carrot is better than chocolate

FAR = FARTHER/ FURTHER

Ibague is farther than Bogota

EXCEPTIONS

1. Are one-sylable adjetives that follow
the pattern of long adjetives

TIRED

Going to work is more tired than going to the park

BORED

Reading a book is more boring than playing video games

FUN

Going to the park is more fun than going to the library

2.Are two-sylables adjetives that follow
the pattern of one-sylable adjetives

QUIET

Camila Is Quieter Than Gabriela

SIMPLE

The Art Exam Is Simpler Than The Math Exam

LESS AND MORE

Less is the opposite of more

EXAMPLE:
JUAN IS MORE INTELLIGENT THAN ANA
ANA IS LESS INTELLIGENT THAN JUAN

MUCH

Use much to make comparisons stronger

EXAMPLE: my new bed is much
more comfortable than my old bed

USED TO COMPARE
THREE OR MORE THINGS

SHORT ADJETIVES

FORN SHORTS ADJS, JUST ADD -EST:
SHORTEST

My bathroom is the cleanest

FOR ADJ ENDING IN -E, JUST ADD -ST:
CUTEST

The lion is the largest animal in the world

FOR ADJ ENDING IN -Y, CHANGE -Y TO -I
THEN ADD -ST: TIDY = TIDIEST

Miss universe is the prettiest

LONG ADJETIVES

The form the superlative of most adjectives
of two or more sylables, add THE MOST
before the adjective:
THE MOST BEAUTIFUL.
THE LEAST POLLUTED

SOME ADJ HAVE TWO
SUPERLATIVE FORMS:
NARROW- THE NARROWEST/
MOST NARROW

IRREGULAR

BAD- WORST

GOOD- BETTER

FAR- FARTHEST

EXAMPLE: an hour ('h' is silent)

EXAMPLE: a university ('u' sound like you)