Variables - An abstract storage location paired with an associated symbolic name, which contains some known or unknown quantity of information referred to as a value | Basically a variable stores a piece of information and associates it with a word(s)
Operators - an operator is a character that represents a specific mathematical or logical action or process. For example X is an operator for multiplication. The image is another example of operators.
Loops - A loop is a sequence of instructions that is continually repeated until a certain condition is reached | The image is a flowchart for loops
Conditional statements - A conditional statement tells a program to execute an action depending on whether a condition is true or false | the image is a flowchart explaining conditional statements