Alcohol

Common Forms

Beer

Liquor

Caffeine

Classification

Stimulant

increases Arousal

Regulation

Caffeine is the #1 consumed drug by about 90% of the population worldwide.

People of all ages consume caffeine. There is no regulation except with prescriptions and nonprescribed medications.

How It Works

Caffeine blocks the neurotransmitter denosine which can make you tired. Caffeine blocks the receptor which then causes you to become awake and alert and focused.

Effects

Increased Heart Rate

Decreased fatigue until "crash".

irregular Heartbeat

Reduce Migraine Headaches

Hyperactivity

Concerns

Health Concerns

Insomnia
Jitters
Migraines
Irritability and nervousness
Restlessness
Fast heartbeat
Muscle tremors

Cancer

Caffeinism

Possible fatality with large consumption.

When mixed with alcohol.

Routes of Administration

Injestion

Injestion, mainly drank or eaten.

How It's Used

Caffeine is mainly used to keep you awake and alert and give you more energy. Ingesting caffeine elevates your mood and increases arousal.

Common Forms

Coffee

Tea

Energy Drinks/ Soft Drinks

Chocolate

Nonprescription drugs

Wine

How it's Used

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Classification

Depressant

Slows Vital Functions

lose coordination

Slurred Speech

Regulation

Must be 21 Years old to consume legally.

Marijuana is Legal to consume age 21 in 11 different states.

How it works.

Absorbed into bloodstream after consumption.

Alcohol affects you differently based on gender, weight, and age.

Alters your mood and perceptions.

Decreased Inhibitions.

Effects

Lowered inhibitions, leading to poor social judgment
Skin flushing
Reduced core body temperature
Raised blood pressure and heart rate
Trouble concentrating
Loss of coordination
Slower brain activity
Dulled perception, especially vision and hearing
Sleepiness
Mood swings
Stumbling
Passing out
Vomiting
Shallow, irregular, or slow breathing

Concerns

High Blood Pressure, Heart Disease, Stroke, Liver disease, digestive problems, different cancers.

Acquiring a substance abuse problem.

Routes of Administration

Drinking/ Ingesting

Marijuana

Common Forms.

Stativa

Strain that provides an energizing experience

Indica

Strain that provides a deep relaxation

How it works.

Effects

Short-term

Severe anxiety, including fear that one is being watched or followed (paranoia)
Panic
Hallucinations
Loss of sense of personal identity
Lowered reaction time
Increased heart rate (risk of heart attack)

Long-term

Bronchitis
Impaired thinking
Addiction
Antisocial behavior
Lower life satisfaction
Reduced memory, attention, & learning

Concerns

Short Term

Severe Anxiety

Panic Attacks

Hallucinations

Lowered reaction time.

Long term

Bronchititis

Addiction

Lower Life Satisfaction.

Impaired thinking

Reduced Memory

How its used.

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Classification

Stimulant

Increased Attention

Increased Heart-rate

Hallucinactions

Routes of administaration.

Smoking

Edibles/Foods

Vaping/Dabs

Tobacco

Common fForms

Cigarettes

Cigars

Chewing Tobacco

Hookah

Snuff

Vaping

Electronic Cigarettes

How it's Used

Tobacco used to be used for medical purposes.

Recreational Use

Used mainly for pleasure and personal use

Classification

Stimulant: with higher doses.

Depressant: with lower doses

Regulation

The FDA has comprehensive authority to regulate, manufacture, market, and sell tobacco products.

Oregon's legal tobacco age was just increased to 21.

How it Works

Tobacco contains Nicotine which is a highly addictive substance. Nicotine increases the level of dopamine and alters the same reward pathways as other addictive drugs.

Nicotine can stop new brain cells from forming.

Effects

Headaches

Feelings of relaxation

Increased alertness and concentration

increased blood pressure

decreased blood flow in some areas of the body.

Fingers and toes

Concerns

* Cancer (ex. Lung Cancer)
● Heart Disease
● Stroke
● Lung Disease
● Diabetes
● COPD
● Gum/heart Disease
● Cardiovascular Disease

* Tuberculosis
● Eye Diseases
● Rheumatoid Arthritis
● Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
(SIDS)

Second-Hand Smoke

Routes of Administration

Inhalation

Smoking goes straight to the lungs.

Methamphetamine

Common Forms

Powder

Pills

Crystal

Classification

Stimulant

Regulations

Illegal in every state.

You will be sent to jail/prison depending on what you have on you or what you were distributing.

The law requires every pharmacy to keep a record of how much pseudophedrine because that is a component of making meth.

Effects

Long-Term

Hepatatits B and C

Hiv/Aids

Organ Failure

"Meth Mouth"

Short-Term

Extreme Weight Loss

Itching leading to skin sores.

Anxiety

Paranoia

Confusion

Tooth Decay

How it's Used

Crystal meth is used by individuals of all ages, but is most commonly used as a “club drug,” taken while partying in night clubs or at rave parties.

powerful euphoric effects

Routes of Administration

Smoked

Injection

Snorting

Ingesting/Swallowing

How it Works

When it reaches the bloodstream, it increases the amount of dopamine in the brain.

Triggering the reward system makes it easy to become addicted.

Concernes

Death from Overdose

Kidney Failure

Addiction and Dependence

Heart Attacks and Stroke

Barbiturates (Depressant)

Common Forms

amobarbital (Amytal)
butabarbital (Butisol)
pentobarbital (Nembutal)
secobarbital (Seconal)

Routes of Administration

Tablets

Capsules

Injections

Oral Liquids

Effects

dizziness,
lightheadedness,
sedation,
headache,
nausea,
vomiting, and
abdominal pain.

How it works

They reduce the activity of nerves causing muscle relaxation.

All barbiturates affect gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter (chemical) that nerves use to communicate with one another.

How its used

Barbiturates are medications used for treating headaches, insomnia, and seizures. Barbiturates are one of the older classes of medications.

Barbiturates should be used with caution with some medications because they accelerate the breakdown of these medications leading to decreased effectiveness.

Classification

Depressant

Regulations

Through the passing of the American Controlled Substances Act of 1970, several Barbiturates were designated as a controlled substance. Pentobarbital, amobarbital and secobarbital are classified as Schedule II drugs, while butabarbital is labeled as a Schedule III drug and barbital and phenobarbital is classified as a schedule IV drug.

Concerns

Concomitant use can lead to excessive sedation, lethargy, and in severe cases coma and death.

Psychedelics

Regulations

listed as schedule I drugs

The drug has no accepted medical treatment use in the U.S.

Denver, Colorada is the first city to vote in favor of decriminalizing Psilocybin even though it is still illegal.

How they work

Change and enhance sensory perceptions, thought processes and facilitate spiritual experiences.

induce hallucinations

They stimulate and suppress the activity of the neurotransmitters they are chemically similar to.

dissociative hallucinogenic drugs interfere with the action of the brain chemical glutamate which regulates pain perception, responses to the environment, emotion, learning, and memory.

How they are used

recreational use

used to treat depression, anxiety, and PTSD and currently being used and reintroduced into the medical research studies

Classification

Schedule I drug

Psychotomimetic drugs "mimic psychosis"

Enthenogen

Entactogen

Indoles and Catechols

Common Forms

Powder

Liquid

Mushrooms

Pills

Ingestible Papers

Effects

Short Term

feeling of closeness to others

enhanced emotional empathy

distorted sense of space, time.

suggestibility

Long Term

Flashbacks: visual distortions

anxiety

paranoia

nightmares

seizures

headaches

Routes of administration

Crushes into powder and snorted.

Ingestable liquid

Swallowed/Dissolved on tongue.

Eating Mushrooms

Concerns

Known for Hallucinogenic effects.

Vascular problems

Subtopic

Dangerous decision making

Visual problems

HPPD: hallucinogen persisting perception disorder

Headaches

Opioids

Common forms

oxycodone

hydrocodone

codeine

morphine

fentanyl

classification

prescription opitates: schedule II federal drugs

recreational opiates: fall under schedule I federal

regulations

effects

Short-Term

extreme sleepiness

confusion

nausea

vomiting

constipation

Long-Term

insomnia

muscle pain

heart infections

pneumonia

addiction

concerns

How they are used

pain relief

cough suppressant

helps with intestinal disorders

how they work

attach to opiate receptors in the CNS

enzymes convert opioids to morphine

provide analgesic effects

increase release of dopamine from the nucleus accumbens which produces euphoria or pleasurable feelings

Routes of administration

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