Body Systems
Circulatory System
Organs
Lungs
Heart
Arteries
Veins
Coronary and Portal Vessels
Purpose
To carry blood, nutrients, oxygen, and other gases, as well as hormones to and from the cells
Malfunction
Cardiovascular disease
The heart and blood vessels don't work as they should
You get a stroke, heart attack, or arteriosclerosis, which is the hardening of the arteries (this means that the arteries are not as flexible as they used to be)
Technology can cure the malfunction
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)
It repairs the heart valve by inserting a replacement valve into the aortic valve place using a catheter
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)
It is able to open arteries that are closed or blocked
Using catheters to place a stent to open blood vessels that have been closed for years
MitraClip
It helps people with worsening heart failure due to a leaky heart valve
Being inserted into the valve using a catheter, and, once in place, it helps to open the valve and close properly so the quality of life is improved
Irregular heartbeat
Shortness of breath
Chest Pain
Nervous System
Organs
Brain
Spinal Cord
Nerves
Afferent, Efferent, and Mixed Nerves
Cranial Nerves
Spinal nerves
Meninges
Dura Mater (First Layer)
Arachnoid Mater (Second Layer)
Pin Mater (Third Layer)
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Sense Organs
Purpose
To control the inner organs, actions, senses, and communication
The brain and spinal cord, which form a control center known as the central nervous system (CNS). This is where information is evaluated and decisions are made
Sensory nerves and sense organs of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which monitors conditions inside and outside of the body and sends information to the CNS
Malfunction
Alzheimer’s disease
It attacks brain cells and neurotransmitters
Impaired brain functions (e..g not being able to comprehend problems, not being able to understand visual images)
Technology can cure this malfunction
Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Boosts cell to cell communication by preserving a chemical messenger that is depleted by the disease
Memantine (Namenda)
Slows the progression of symptoms with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease
Lack of memory
Immune System
Purpose
To keep infectious microorganisms out of the body, and to destroy any microorganism that does infect the body
Malfunction
Autoimmune disorder
It causes the immune system to attack its own healthy tissues and cells
Technology can cure this malfunction
Immunosupressants
They reduce the effect of the immune system on the body
It often leaves the body defenceless to invading cells
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID)
Reduces symptoms caused by the immune system, and reduces inflammation in high doses
Fatigue
Joint pain and swelling
Skin problems
Recurring fever
Swollen glands
Male Reproductive System
Organs
Penis
Urethra
Scrotum
Testicles
Vas deferens
Seminal vesicles
Prostate
Purpose
Produce sperm to fertilize an egg in order to reproduce
Malfunction
Cryptorchidism
It is a condition of a lack of descent of one or both testicles into the scrotum
Technology can cure cryptorchidism
Orchiopexy
Manipulating the testicle into the scrotum and stitching it into place
Lack of healthy sperm when the boy is older
Being more prone to testicular cancer
Female Reproductive System
Purpose
To produce and hold the egg cells necessary for reproduction, and to also feed the newborn
Malfunction
Vaginal yeast infection
It causes irritation, discharge and itchiness in the vagina and vulva area
Technology can cure this malfunction
Azole Resident Therapy
Uses boric acid to kill all the candida fungus in the vagina
Burning sensation while urinating or having intercourse
Redness and swelling of the vagina
Vaginal pain and soreness
Vaginal rash
Respiratory System
Organs
Sinus
Nasal Cavity
Oral Cavity
Adenoids
Tonsils
Pharnyx
Lungs
Pleura
Left and Right Bronchus
Aveolus
Capillaries
Pulmonary Veins
Bronchiole
Pleural Spaces
Tongue
Larynx
Epiglottis
Esophagus
Trachea
Diaphragm
Ribs
Purpose
To oxygenate our red blood cells so oxygen can be carried and used around our body
Malfunction
Asthma
It narrows and swells the airways, and produces more mucus than usual
Shortness of breath
Coughing/Wheezing
Technology can cure the malfunction
Controllers
Reduce infammation in the airways
Reduces symptoms
Releivers
Help releive symptoms immedietly
The effects are only short term
Chest Tightness/Pain
Digestive System
Organs
Mouth
Salivary glands
Esophagus
Liver
Gallbladder
Stomach
Pancreas
Large Intestine
Small Intestine
Appendix
Rectum
Anus
Purpose
Break down food into nutrients for your body to absorb and use for energy, growth, etc.
Malfunction
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
It causes stomach contents to come back up the esophagus
Technology can cure GERD
Antacids
Relieves heartburn and other minor symptoms caused by the disease
H2 Blockers
Provides short term relief of symptoms by
decreasing acid production in the stomach
healing the esophagus
Prokinetics
Helps the stomach empty faster
Chest pain
Sensation of a lump in the throat
Difficulty swallowing
Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
Lymphatic System
Organs
Thymus
Spleen
Tonsils
Appendix
Peyer's patches
Lamina propria lymphocytes
Intraepithelial lymphocytes
Purpose
Help the body get rid of toxins, waste, and other unwanted materials by transporting lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells
Malfunction
Lymphadenopathy
It is a swelling of the lymph nodes due to a blockage of the lymph nodes
Technology can cure lymphadenopathy
Radiation therapy
It uses high doses of radiation to shrink lymph nodes, lessening the swelling levels
Fever
Limb swelling
Tender, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin
Excretory Sytem
Organs
Kidneys
Large intestine
Liver
Skin
Lungs
Purpose
Remove waste and excess water
from the body so that the body can maintain homeostasis (ability to keep conditions the same in the body)
Malfunction
The kidney failure
It happens when the kidneys cannot remove any waste from the blood in the body
Technology can cure the kidney failure
Hemodialysis
It helps to remove the toxins and excess fluids caused by the kidney failure
Calcium
It helps to raise the calcium levels in the body as the kidney failure reduces calcium levels drastically
Decreased urine output
Swelling in the ankles and feet
Shortness of breath
Endocrine System
Organs
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroids
Adrenals
Pineal Body
Ovaries
Testicles
Pancreas
Purpose
Produce and secrete hormones, which are chemical substances produced in the body to regulate the activity of cells or organs
Malfunction
Thyroid disease
The thyroid produces an abnormal amount of thyroid hormone
Hypothyroidism
A disease in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones)
Technology can cure the malfunction
Radioactive Iodine
Most of the iodine collects in the thyroid cells, where radiation can destroy the thyroid gland and any thyroid cells that take up iodine, with little effect to the rest of the body
Dry skin
Fatigue
Hoarseness
Slowed Heartrate
Joint Aches
Skeletal System
Organs
206 Bones
Muscle
Cartilage
Tendons
Ligaments
Joints
Connective Tissue
Purpose
Perform vital functions
Support, movement, protection, calcium storage, and endocrine regulation
These functions enable us to survive
Malfunction
Arthritis
It causes inflammation and it damages joints and their surrounding structures
Joint capsules of the neck, shoulders, hands, lower back, hips or knees
Surrounding Tissue
Technology can cure the malfunction
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
It reduces both pain and inflammation caused by arthritis
Counter-irritants
Rubbing this cream over an aching joint may interfere with the transmission of pain signals from the joint itself, therefore lessening the pain
Corticosteroids
It can be taken orally or be injected into the painful joint, therefore lessening the pain that a person feels
Joint tenderness
Loss of joint range in motion
Limping
Joint Deformity
Joint Swelling
Muscular System
Organs
Cardiac Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Smooth Muscular Tissie
Purpose
To enable the body to move, and to circulate blood around the body
Malfunction
Inflammatory Myopathies
It causes weakening in muscles, specifically large ones such as neck, shoulder and hip muscles
Technology can cure the malfunction
Corticosteroids
It reduces inflammation and returns muscle strength in around 2-3 months
Disease-Modifying Anti-rheumatic Drugs
Has a better long range control of the disease, and can prevent long term side effects
Symmetric proximal muscle weakness
Malaise
Symmetric proximal muscle weakness
Integumentary System
Organs
Skin
Hair
Nails
Glands
Nerves
Purpose
To retain body fluids, protect against disease, eliminate waste products, and regulate body temperature
Malfunction
Skin cancer
It causes an abnormal growth of skin cells
Technology can cure the malfunction
Radiation Therapy
It uses low-energy X-ray beams to destroy the tumour that is caused by skin cancer
Photodynamic Therapy
It uses a strong blue or red light laser to destroy the lesion, which is the area affected by the skin cancer
Waxy appearance of the skin
Itchyness of the skin
Flat, red spots that look crusty
Organs
Adenoids
Tonsils
Thymus
Lymph Nodes
Lymphatic Vessels
Spleen
Peyer's Patches
Appendix
Bone Marrow
Organs
Areola
Mammary Gland Lobules
Ovaries
Ovarian Ligament
Uterus
Cervix
Vuvla
Labia Majora
Labia Minora
Fallopian Tube
Vagina
