Construction - Core Courses

Introduction to Legislative and Social Environment
(15 cr)

Section 1: Environment
Teaching time 
Assessment time

Learning Outcomes

50% of learner hours (non assess) in this section

Assessment Q8 (LO1/GO4) , Q9 (LO1/GO4), Q10 (All LOs, GO1/4), Q11 (LO1, GO4)

New Zealand climatic conditions

Global Climatic conditions

New Zealand Topography and Landscape

Natural Hazards

Exposure Zones

Snow Loading

Carbon footprint

Architecture

Skyscraper, high rise, mid-rise, low-rise (PoS definition), micro-unit, mixed use,

Town planning

Zoning regulations

District plans

Site improvements

Site analysis

Regional effects (Marco and Micro)

Site Services and preparation

Risk Matrix (Billyboy house), wind zone, stories, roof wall design, eves, envelope complexity, deck design, risk score definition.

Site establishment

sub-contractor boundary fencing, NZBC clause F5, safety of users, hoardings, toilets, health and safety, material storage, cranage and plant, scaffolding, waste management, subgrade conditions, ground stablisation, soil compaction, drainage and dewatering, excavation (sloped, batted, propped and trenches) excavation stablisation and basement construction (permanent stablisation, tanking and waterproofing, deep foundations and pile systems, foundation types, driven piles, drilled or bored piles, steel pile casings, universal column reinforcing, foundation systems, pre-cast concrete piles with reinforcing steel, column steel, slab and floor construction, base isolators, column and beam (Opal Tower), pre-cast concrete wall panels, steel column and beam, roof envelope, roof cladding, roof pitch, butunoyl, exterior claddings, envelop glazing, curtain wall glazing, weather screens, interior systems/ceilings, internal partitions, walls, plumbing, drainage, water supply, water storage, ventilation, electrical, procurement costs, mainteance and refurbishments, operationed and occupancy, demolition, recycling,

Weather Tight standards

(history, leaky home, minimal documentation requirements for building consents, questionable inspections, water infiltration, building code E2 external moisture, drained cavity, E2 Risk Matrix, E2/AS1-external moisture, 4D"weather tightness design (deflection, durability, drainage, drying) Building Code B2 durability, Building Code - building code compliance, interior wall finishes - linings, surfaces, NZS3604 S12 &13, Building Code E3/AS1 internal moisture,

RMA

EECA

Research principles of sustainable design and construction, and analyse advantages and disadvantages

Research and analyse systems and tools such as WLCC and benchmarking systems such as Greenstar, advantages and challenges

Research and analyse active and passive sustainable design strategies, and justify choice in assessment task

Environmental design considerations such as, noise, precipitation, snow, sun, temperature, views, and wind

Section 2: Sustainability
Teaching time
Assessment time

Definition of sustainability

System viability, renewable resource, forestry replanting, CO2 emissions, recyclable/non-recyclable material, water use, natural ventilation, site positioning, natural lighting, economics, occupant comfort, air quality, sick building syndrome, building related illness, indoor environment quality issues, thermal conditions, lighting quality, acoustics,

Material Durability

Energy Efficiency

Impact of construction

Minimisationn of environmental impact

Ventilation, wind loading, rain, gutters and down pipes, building envelope risk scores, building layout, window design and day lighting (double glazing), heat absorbing glass, insulation (R values),

Energy efficiient design

Site Ecology

Sustainable design principles

Residential, commercial, sustainable construction, tall buildings,

Green buildings

Issues in selection of green building materials and products

Sustainable sites and landscaping

Sustainable land use

Green Roof, energy and atmosphere

Key and emerging construction materials and products

Shading devices

Building site influences

Residential Passive design (big section)

Site orientation, thermal mass (absorption of sunlight concrete or stone, polished concrete, trombe wall, shading devices, ventilation,

Active systems

photovoltacic solar panels, winder generators, all types of heaters, heat pumps, air conditioners

Commercial passive design systems

as per residential but inclusive of wall and window systems, interior and exterior, roof selection, internal load reduction (energy stars)

Commercial active design systems

energy neutral, net exporters,

Whole life-cycle costing (WLCC) (building simulations tool)

Subminimise energy consumption, optimisation passive solar design, maximise thermal performance, minmise internal building loads, HVAC systems, renewable energy (power to the grid), co-generation, ventilation/exhaust air energy recover, grown coupling and radiant cooling, hydro-logic systems, ERV's, ventilation systems, mechanical vs natural ventilation systems, water heating systems, lighting and motors, CFL lighting standards, radiant cooling, ground coupling, wind energy, Biomass, smart buildings and energy management systms, rain water harvesting, grey water systems,topic

initial capital, procurement and running costs, aluminium,

Rating Systems

Environment, rating tools, NZ green building council, branz: UP-Spec, passive house institute, leadership in energy and environmental design, Greenstar, Homestar, BASE (light Greenstar version), NABERS NZ,

Section 2: Land development and the NZ legislative framework
Teaching time
Assessment time

Learning Outcomes

30% of learner hours (non assess) in this section

Assessment Q1 (LO3/GO1), Q2 (LO3,4, GO1), Q3 (LO4, GO1), Q4 (LO3,4 GO1), Q5 (LO3,4 GO1), Q6 (LO3,4, GO1) NOTE: It appears as though GO2 should be referenced in this section however is not ticked on the LO/GO map.

How district plans control land development, zones and rules

Consent related documentation, building consents, code compliance certificate (CCC), certifications of public use, resource consent (CPU), Project Information Memorandum (PIM), Land Information Memorandums (LIM), including timelines within a building project

Acceptable and Alternative Solutions: explain legal NZ framework, including Building Act, NZ Building Code, and pathways to achieving NZBC through alternative and acceptable solutions

Indefeasibility of title - NZ legal framework for land

Application of legal interests in land, easements, covenants, caveats, leases, and profit a prendres

Land development and considerations related to the Treaty of Waitangi

District Plans

Objectives Explain how District Plans are used to manage land use through allocating land into Zones, each with its own Rules.
-Describe the typical Zone Rules that might restrict the future development of a site (e.g., maximum height, setbacks, recession planes, and maximum site coverage).
-Explain when proposed building consent requires a building consent or a resource consent.
-Explain the use of Project Information Memorandum (PIMs) and Land Information Memorandums (LIMs) and describe the typical content of a LIM report.

Site Influences (geographic location, topography, landscaping, microclimate i.e. sun, wind, rain, temperature). Zoning regulations - describe acceptable uses for a building site potentially limit size, shape and location on site. RMA and District Plan requirements, Site improvements - can modify a building site for access and use, define boundaries and relate to building ground planes and other building/site features. Site analysis - Regional affects - macro (regional/large scale) and micro (site specific). Site services - locality of these. Site preparation - identify existing features which need preserved, reinvented, removed, modified to fit.

LECTURE 7 PPTX.
RMA & Building Act

RMA 1991 - overview
Activities categorised as permitted, controlled, discretionary, restricted, non-complying and prohibited, protected customary right, restricted coastal activity. RMA process - managed by regional and territory authorities. District plan - governs - allowable uses, maximum heights, permitted bulk and location, sunlight admission to adjacent spaces, yards and courtyards, number of dwellings per site, minimum lot sizes where land being sub-divided, reserves contributions, stormwater control and/or retention.
Handout - RMA and District Plans - better

LECTURE 7 PPTX.
Resource consents

All building work in NZ must comply with NZBC, requires a building consent (except Schedule 1 Building ACt) Any proposed work with breaches any district plan rules for the zone also requires Resource consent.
Non-notified or notified, limited-notified
Applications - process, times, supporting information required, monitoring

LECTURE 7 PPTX.
District Plans
:
definition i.e. objectives, policies and methods, to manage the effects of land use activities on the environment. Land zoning, controlled and permitted activities, use and bulk of building and structures within district, types of activities which may occur on land, how urban areas may be designed/set out, regulate traffic patterns, how much land can be covered by a building, how far from property lines building can be placed, how tall building can be, building envelopes, total floor area. Site Restrictions, Zoning ordinance. Building codes can impact type of occupancy, fire resistance ratings, allowable height, relation to neighboring buildings. Permitted activity, exclusions. Permitted, controlled, discretionary restricted, non-complying, prohibited.

Lecture 8 PPTX.
Building Act and Building regulations, Building Code.
History and Purpose, Act applies to new & existing, alteration, demolition and removal, ongoing inspection and maintenance of specified systems. Does not cover planning resource management or H&S.
Building Act 5 parts- matters relating to Building Codes and building control, functions, duties and powers, accreditation of BCAs, licensing and disciplining.
Building Regulations - rules or prescribed details made under and in accordance with Act,
Building Code contained in Schedule 1 of the Building Regulations (Contains objectives, functional requirements and performance criteria for all building work).Performance based - how a building must perform in its intended use. Verification methods, methods of demonstrating compliance (Using Codemark certified product or system, submitting alternative method for consent, MBIE determination, NZS 4121:20(1) Design for access and mobility. Covers fire safety, access, moisture control, durability, services and facilities, energy efficiency. General provisions - Classified uses, interpretation, building importance levels, stability, structure, durability (timber treatments), protection from fire, prevention of fire occuring,structural stability, Access, Mechanical installations for access, moisture, surface water, external moisture (risk matrix, roof details, window cladding), internal moisture, safety of users, safety from falling, services and facilities (personal hygiene) Laundering, Food preparation and prevention of contamination, Ventilation, Interior Environment, Airboure and impact sound, natural light, artificial light, electricity, piped services, Gas as an energy source, water supplies, foul water, industrial liquid waste, solid waste, energy efficiency. (ALL BASED/USING MBIE NZ Building Code Handbook)
NZ Building Regulatory System - decision framework

Lecture 9 PPTX.
Building consents:
two main functions - provide builders with sufficient information, allow BCA to assess and confirm compliance with code. MBIE Summary of work which requires consent (structural building additions, alterations, re-piling, some demolitions,new houses, plumbing and drainage, relocation,wood burner/air conditioners, retaining walls higher than 1.5m, fences or high walls higher than 2.5m, pools, decks, platforms, bridges more than 1.5m, sheds more than 10Sqm, some earthworks.
Residential construction: consent process (MBIE website), application requirements and what needs included
Commercial construction: Application process and inclusions (additional information required to the above for residential).
Sample information provided DCC.

Site investigations
Giving advice in feasibility reports, Legal description, legislative requirements, physical constraints, environmental analysis, Existing structure fire and accessibility, structure, historic places,

Handout RMA and District Plans
PIM and LIM contents and descriptions.

Interest in Land

Objectives
Explain the principle of indefeasibility of title.

Describe the main interests in land (easements, covenants, caveats, and profit a prendres, leases and licences) and their application.

Differentiate between registerable interests (those that can be registered on a certificate of title), interests in equity (a registerable interest that is not registered on the title) and personal interests.

Legal Title
Land registration and the Torrens system, NZ Land Transfer system, Land Transfers Acts (mirror principle, curtain principle, insurance principle). Indefeasibility of title and exceptions, forms of ownership (estate in freehold or fee simple, estate in leasehold, categories of leasehold, stratum Estate (Unit Titles). Certificates of Title

Easements, Licenses, Profits, Leases, covenants and caveats
Licenses (bare, contractual, licensed couple with interest)
Easements ( ROW, water and drainage, Air and light)
Profit a prendre
Leases and tenancy agreements
Covenants
Caveats

Maori Land

Objectives
Describe the different types of land in New Zealand (Maori customary, Maori freehold, general freehold, crown land, and crown land reserved for Maori)
Explain the added requirements when alienating (selling) Maori freehold land.
Explain why an understanding of the Treaty of Waitangi is beneficial for construction professionals.

Types of Maori Land
Governed by the Te Ture Whenua Maori Act 1993
Six categories of land (Maori customary, Maori freehold, general land owned by Maori, General land, Corwn land, Crown land reserved for Maori). Additional restrictions apply to Maori customary and freehold before it can be alienated. Land must be first offered to preferred class of Alienee & Maori Land Court must approve transaction.
Land status can change but restrictions in place.
Importance of advising to developer on land classified as Maori land or if potentially subject to a future claim.

Acceptable and Alternative Solutions

Objectives
Differentiate between an Acceptable Solution and an Alternative Solution.
Explain how a designer might demonstrate that their design complies with the New Zealand Building Code (NZBC) where the design is;
an Acceptable Solution, or;
an Alternative Solution

Link to: https://www.building.govt.nz/building-code-compliance/how-the-building-code-works/different-ways-to-comply/alternative-solutions/
Alternative Solution - all or part of a building design that demonstrate compliance with the Building Code but differs completely or partially from the acceptable solutions or verification methods.
They can be a minor variation from an Acceptable Solution or Verification Method, or a radically different design and construction approach.

A building owner may want something that looks different or performs better, is more cost effective, or overcomes a specific site problem.

Alternative solutions have been accepted for entire projects or parts of a building and have included composting toilets, handrails, barriers, fire escape plans, water supplies, effluent disposal, ecohouses and rammed-earth houses.

For compliance evidence required.

Compliance Documentation

Objectives
Describe the use of the following compliance documents:
Building consent
Code compliance certificate (CCC)
Certificate of compliance (CoC)
Certificate of public use (CPU)
Compliance schedules
Building warrant of fitness (BWoF)
Describe the process of obtaining a building consent, and then through to a CCC.

Topic consists of student independent research activity on each of the documents listed in the objectives followed by discussion.

Section 3: Stakeholder roles and responsibilites
Teaching time 
Assessment time

Learning Outcomes

20% of learner hours (non assess) in this section

Assessment Q7 (LO2/GO1, GO6), Q12 (LO2/GO1,6)

Essential ingredients to a legally binding contract

Intention, agreement, consideration, legal capacity, legality of contract, genuine intent

Relevant statutes

Building Act, Construction Contracts Act, Contractural Mistakes Act, Contractural Remedies Act, Contracts (Privity) Act, Illegal Contracts Act, Collateral Warranty

Contractural relationships

Parties to construction contract

client, contractor, contract administrator

Participants to a construction project

Project managers, architects, project engineers, professional QS, mechanical consultants, fire engineers, land surveyors, Geotech engineers, others.

Functional relationships

Chain of liability

Construction contracts

Parties, documentation, standard conditions of contract, specific conditions of contract, drawings, specifications, schedule of quantities, articles of agreement, fire report, geotechnical report, implied contract terms contained within NZ Construction Contracts Act, statutory right to adjudication, prohibition of conditional payment terms, default payment provisions

Professional code of practice

Characteristics of a professional, common terms of professional engagement, NZIQS conditions of engagement and shortform agreement and project management services, agreement for architect services, conditions of contract for consultancy services, contract for professional services key points (level of care, scope of services, ownership of IP, insurance requirements, process for dispute resolution), law of tort, negligence

Building procurement

Case study new building, client brief (client/architect), site specifics, design/sketch phase - (physical and non physical requirements), site analysis, budget determination, QS consultation, preliminary estimates, resource consent or PIM, roles and responsibilities (QS, structural engineer, architect develop and design - final requirements confirmed, estimate provided, sketch plans refined, roles and responsibilities (mechanical engineer working with architect, electrical engineer contract documentation - drawings, specifications, schedule of quantitities, final estimate, building consent applied for tendering - negotation, notices to tenderers, determine desired contractor, acceptance of contractor, contract signed contract observation - building consent obtained, progress payments, variations, fluctuations of costs, extensions of time, increased costs, practical completion defects liability period - period varies depending on building type, repairs/maintenance, final account, contract complete

Methods - traditional architect method (consultants and main contractor work under direction of architect, contracts with and paid directly by client), project management method (consultants and contractor work under PM but are contracts with and paid by client)

Project delivery approaches - traditional method, design/build project delivery, CM at risk

Payment methods - lump sum, construction management, design/construct

Buildability obligations

Learning Outcome
1.  Determine and appraise sustainable principles of construction development.
2.   Differentiate between the roles, responsibilities and relationships of parties in a typical construction project including responsibilities for ethics and professional practice.
3.   Evaluate legislative project constraints such as the Resource Management Act, the Building Act, and legal interests in land.
4.   Evaluate the relationship between New Zealand property development and the Treaty of Waitangi.

GPOs
GO1 Understand and apply knowledge of the roles, standard documentation and administrative requirements of the construction industry, and communicate in a construction related context.

GO 2 Operate with the statutory and regulatory environment as it applies to the construction and design of buildings.

GO 4 Evaluate and select materials and finishes for building projects, taking into account environmental aspects of the design and construction techniques to be used.

GO6 Analyse, select and adminster construction contracts including the preparation of a tender submission from trade sections and other financial components and value building works up to and including final account statements.

GO 2 is not present in the LO/GO map, however appears to be suited to Q2 and others) ????

OP EXISTING DELIVERY TIMETABLE
WEEK DATE (week beginning) TOPIC CLASSES AND ASSESSMENTS
9 25 Feb Introduction
Sustainable design and construction 1 x 2 hour classes per week in L143
10 04 March Sustainable design and construction
11 11 March Sustainable design and construction
12 18 March Sustainable design and construction
13 25 March Roles and responsibilities
14 01 April Roles and responsibilities
15 08 April Roles and responsibilities
16 15 April Roles and responsibilities
17 22 April STUDY BREAK
18 29 April STUDY BREAK
19 06 May Land development and the NZ Legislative framework Assessment 1
due 29 April 2019
20 13 May Land development and the NZ Legislative framework
21 20 May Land development and the NZ Legislative framework
22 27 May Land development and the NZ Legislative framework
23 03 June Land development and the NZ Legislative framework
24 10 June Revision for exams Assessment 2
due 4 June 2019
25 17 June Revision for exams
26 24 June Revision for exams Tentative exam date: 25 June 2019

OP original intention in LO/GO Map
LO1 = 7 cr (CM), 6 cr (QS) (40-46%)
LO2 = 3 cr (CM), 4 cr (QS) (20-27%)
LO3 = 2 cr (13%)
LO4=2 cr (CM), 3 cr (QS) (13-20%)

10 week course duration

Contractual and functional relationships between construction project participants, contract for services, head contract, subcontract, privity of contract, chain of liability, collateral warranties

Compare legal duties, fitness for purpose (contractors), reasonable skill and care (for designers)

Determining ability to sue for professional negligence in terms of duty of care, breach of duty of care, and damages

Main roles and obligations construction project participants, such as client, architect, engineer, PQS, project manager, contract administrator

Professional codes of practice (ethics) - OP gets learners to do the NZIQS online ethics test

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