Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are the rare, multipotent cells that reside in the bone marrow (BM) and are responsible for the life-long production of all types of mature blood cells
Colony-forming unit–granulocyte-erythrocyte-monocyte-megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM)
Colony-forming unit–lymphocyte (CFU-L)
Colony-forming unit–erythrocyte (CFU-E)
Colony-forming unit–granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM)
Colony-forming unit–megakaryocyte (CFU-Meg)
Colony-forming unit–basophil (CFU-B)
Colony-forming unit–eosinophil (CFU-Eos)
malignant (e.g., leukemia, lymphoma) and non-malignant (e.g., sickle cell disease)
Neural stem cell, largely undifferentiated cell originating in the central nervous system. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the potential to give rise to offspring cells that grow and differentiate into neurons and glial cells (non-neuronal cells that insulate neurons and enhance the speed at which neurons send signals).
Three sources that produce neural cells closely resembling their normal counterparts are now available: oncogene immortalized stem cells, neurospheres, and embryonic stem cell (ES)-derived neural cells.
Skin stem cells are multipotent adult stem cells present in the adult skin, which can self-renew and differentiate into different cell lineages of the skin. Skin stem cells are active during skin renewal, which occurs throughout life, and in skin repair after injury.
They are responsible for constant renewal (regeneration) of your skin, and for healing wounds. So far, scientists have identified several different types of skin stem cell: Epidermal stem cells are responsible for everyday regeneration of the different layers of the epidermis.
Currently, researches on stem cells, such as epidermal stem cells, dermal stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, and embryonic stem cells, bring promise to functional repair of skin after severe burn injury, namely, complete regeneration of skin and its appendages.
Pluripotent stem cells are cells that have the capacity to self-renew by dividing and to develop into the three primary germ cell layers of the early embryo and therefore into all cells of the adult body, but not extra-embryonic tissues such as the placenta.
ESCs, derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) during the blastocyst stage of embryonic development), are the best known example of pluripotent stem cells (Evans and Kaufman, 1981; Martin, 1981; Doetschman et al., 1985). ESCs naturally give rise to all types of cells and tissues of the body.
The next type of stem cells, oligopotent cells, are similar to the prior category (multipotent stem cells), but they become further restricted in their capacity to differentiate. While these cells can self-renew and differentiate, they can only do so to a limited extent.
Examples of oligopotent stem cells are the lymphoid or myeloid stem cells. A lymphoid cell specifically, can give rise to various blood cells such as B and T cells, however, not to a different blood cell type like a red blood cell.
Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent adult stem cells that are present in multiple tissues, including umbilical cord, bone marrow and fat tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells can self-renew by dividing and can differentiate into multiple tissues including bone, cartilage, muscle and fat cells, and connective tissue.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), or stromal stem cells, can differentiate into many different types of cells within the body, including:
Bone cells
Cartilage
Muscle cells
Neural cells
Skin cells
Corneal cells
Epithelial stem cells. The epidermis of the skin contains layers of cells called keratinocytes. Only the basal layer, next to the dermis, contains cells that divide. A number of these cells are stem cells, but the majority are transit amplifying cells.
From the data, it was calculated that the average life span of stromal cells is probably longer than 30 years and of epithelial cells longer than 2 years.
Totipotent stem cells are cells that have the capacity to self-renew by dividing and to develop into the three primary germ cell layers of the early embryo and into extra-embryonic tissues such as the placenta.
Spores and zygotes are examples of totipotent cells. ... Human development begins when a sperm fertilizes an egg and the resulting fertilized egg creates a single totipotent cell, a zygote.
Multipotent stem cells have the ability to develop specific types of cells (terminally differentiated cells). For example a blood stem cell (multipotent) can develop into a red blood cell, white blood cell or platelets (all specialized cells).
Multipotent cells can develop into more than one cell type, but are more limited than pluripotent cells; adult stem cells and cord blood stem cells are considered multipotent.
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent stem cells that give rise to all of the cell types in the blood, including B and T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes.
hese stem cells can produce only one cell type but have the property of self- renewal that distinguishes them from non-stem cells.
Examples of a unipotent stem cell are a germ line stem cell (producing sperm) and an epidermal stem cell (producing skin).