The Seven Years' War Mind Map

General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm

Louis-Joseph de Montcalm was born on February 28th 1712.

He saw service in the War of the Polish Succession and the War of the Austrian Succession, where his distinguished service led to promotion to brigadier general.

He was a French Soldier best known as the commander of the forces in North America during the Seven Years' War.

In 1756 King Louis XV sent him to New France to lead its defence against the British in the Seven Years' War.

Montcalm met with notable successes in 1756, 1757 and 1758, but British mobilisation of large numbers of troops against New France led to military setbacks in 1758 and 1759 , culminating in Montcalm's death was during the British’stake over of Quebec the Battle of the Plains of Abraham.

General James Wolfe

James Wolfe was born on January 2nd, 1727.

He was a British Army officer known for his training reforms and remembered chiefly for his victory in 1759 over the French at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in Quebec as a major general.

Following the success of a previous mission, the siege of Louisbourg he was made commander of a force which sailed up the Saint Lawrence River to capture Quebec City.

After a long siege, Wolfe defeated a French force under the Marquis de Montcalm, allowing British forces to capture the city.

Wolfe was killed at the height of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham due to injuries from three musket balls.

Wolfe's part in the taking of Quebec in 1759 earned him lasting fame, and he became an icon of Britain's victory in the Seven Years' War and subsequent territorial expansion.

He was depicted in the painting The Death of General Wolfe, which became famous around the world. Wolfe was posthumously dubbed "The Hero of Quebec", "The Conqueror of Quebec", and also "The Conqueror of Canada", since the capture of Quebec led directly to the capture of Montreal, ending French control of the colony.

The Battle of Hudson's Bay

The Battle of Hudson's Bay, also known as the Battle of York Factory, was a naval battle fought during the War of the Grand Alliance.

The battle took place on 5 September 1697, when a French warship commanded by Captain Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville defeated an English squadron commanded by Captain John Fletcher.

As a result of this battle, the French took York Factory, a trading post of the Hudson's Bay Company.

The battle began as a running fight, but after two and a half hours, D'Iberville closed with the English and a brutal broadside-to-broadside engagement took place between Pélican and Hampshire.

The English seemed to be gaining the upper hand with blood running from the scuppers of Pélican into the water. Captain Fletcher demanded that D'Iberville surrender, but D'Iberville refused.

Hudson's Bay and Dering seem to have played only a limited supporting role in the final stage of the engagement. Hudson's Bay was damaged and struck her colors to Pélican after Hampshire blew up.

Dering broke off the engagement and fled, but Pélican was too badly damaged to pursue.

Holed below the waterline, the ship had to be abandoned, but the arrival of the remainder of the French squadron shortly thereafter led to the surrender of York Factory on September 13, 1697, and the continuation of D'Iberville remarkable career.

The Loss Of Acadia

Acadia was france's second colony in North America. But the King of France didn’t defend it as well as New France.

Acadia today comprises eastern Maine and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and parts of Newfoundland.

Between 1755 and 1763, approximately 10,000 Acadians were deported because the British governor did not trust the Acadians. Large numbers were landed in the English colonies, others in France or the Caribbean.

Their homes and possessions were taken away from them and the people were sent to be resettled in other British colonies.

Many of their homes were burned down and thousands died of disease or starvation in the squalid conditions on board ship.

The Quebec Act

The Quebec Act of 1774, formally known as the British North America Act 1774, was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain setting procedures of governance in the Province of Quebec.

The act's principal components were that, The province's territory was expanded to take over part of the Indian Reserve, including much of what is now southern Ontario, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota, It allowed Reference to the Protestant faith was removed from the oath of allegiance.

It guaranteed free practice of the Catholic faith, It restored the use of the French civil law for matters of private law, except that, in accordance with the English common law, it granted unlimited freedom of testation.

It maintained English common law for matters of public law, including administrative appeals, court procedure, and criminal prosecution, It restored the Catholic Church's right to impose tithes.

The Royal Proclamation

The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued by King George III on 7 October 1763. It followed the Treaty of Paris (1763), which formally ended the Seven Years' War and transferred French territory in North America to Great Britain.

The Proclamation forbade all settlements west of a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains, which was delineated as an Indian Reserve. Exclusion from the vast region of Trans-Appalachia created discontent between Britain and colonial land speculators and potential settlers.

The proclamation and access to western lands was one of the first significant areas of dispute between Britain and the colonies and would become a contributing factor leading to the American Revolution.

The 1763 proclamation line is similar to the Eastern Continental Divide path running northwards from Georgia to the Pennsylvania–New York border and north-eastwards past the drainage divide on the St. Lawrence Divide from there northwards through New England.

The Royal Proclamation continues to be of legal importance to First Nations in Canada, being the first legal recognition of aboriginal title, rights and freedoms, and is recognized in the Canadian Constitution of 1982.

The Battle of The Plains of Abraham

One of the most Important battles of the Seven Years’ War is the Battle of the Plains of Abraham.

The Battle of the Plains of Abraham, also known as the Battle of Quebec , was a pivotal battle in the Seven Years' War.

The battle, which began on 13 September 1759, was fought on a plateau by the British Army and Royal Navy against the French Army, just outside the walls of Quebec City on land that was originally owned by a farmer named Abraham Martin, hence the name of the battle.

The battle involved fewer than 10,000 troops in total, but proved to be a deciding moment in the conflict between France and Britain over the fate of New France, influencing the later creation of Canada.

The Battle of Montmorency Falls

The Battle of Beauport, also known as the Battle of Montmorency Falls, was fought on 31 July 1759.

It was an important confrontation between the British and French Armed Forces during the Seven Years' War.

The attack conducted by the British against the French defense line of Beauport, some 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) east of Quebec was checked, and the British soldiers of General James Wolfe retreated with 443 casualties and losses.

The French and Indian War campaigns of 1758 were mostly successful for the British, who had sent more than 40,000 men against New France and made key gains by capturing Louisbourg and destroying Fort Frontenac, although their primary thrust was stopped by French general Louis-Joseph de Montcalm in the Battle of Carillon.

The Thin Red Line

British soldiers used the strategy of the “Thin Red Line” in a battle during the American Revolutionary War. British soldiers stood shoulder to shoulder in three lines, one behind another.

Every soldier had his musket loaded. The Battle of Quebec was the first time the British battle formation was used in North America. The Thin Red Line has become an English language figure of speech for any thinly spread military unit holding firm against attack.

The phrase has also taken on the metaphorical meaning of the barrier which the relatively limited armed forces of a country present to potential attackers.

Weaponds that France used During the Seven Years' War

The French Used many weapons during the Seven Years' War such as Handguns, Rifles, Submachine guns, Machine guns, Anti-Tank weapons, Anti-Aircraft weapons, Artillery,
Grenades and mines.