Cells
Organelles
Types of Cells
DNA & RNA & telomeres
Cells are the building blocks of life
History of cells
How things affect cells
About 200 types
Neurons
White blood cells
Stem cells
Fat cells
Red blood bells
Muscle cells
Skin cells
Plant cells
AND MORE!
All serve a different purpose
Neurons transmit signals
White blood cells fight diseases
Red blood cells carry oxygen
Stem cells can be any cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough
Smooth
Ribosomes (also in cytoplasm)
Cytoplasm
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Osmosis
Diffusion
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Nuclear Membrane
Chromatin
Chromasomes
Nuclear Pores
Vacuoles
Centrioles
Golgi Complex
Golgi Vesicle
ETC
Prokaryotic
Plasmid that is similar to a chromosome
Archaea and bacteria
Eukaryotic
Chromosomes
Animals and plants
Organells that are not
present in prokaryotic cells
Cells create tissue
Tissue creates organs
Organs form the systems
Systems form the body
Cell wall and
chloroplasts (plants)
Drugs
Marijuana
THC causes many negative health effects
THC imitates cannabinoids
Overloads endocannabinoid system
Insulin
Regulates blood sugar
Delivers glucose (sugar) to cells for energy
Antidepressants
SSRIs increase serotonin levels
SNRIs inhibit the process of absorbing norepinephrine
TCA increases serotonin but also increases norepinephrine
Benzodiazepines attach to GABA receptors and increase movement there making the user feel calm
Buspirone makes more action in the serotonin receptors and dopamine receptors which both control happiness making the user much happier
Processes
Immunization
Sends weakened form of virus so that the b-cells can figure out what antibodies to make without any danger
Memory t-cells remember the antibodies to fight the virus if the person who is vaccinated is infected, rendering the virus harmless
Radiation therapy
Kills cancer cells using radiation from gamma rays
May kill cells other than cancer cells as well
Chemotherapy
Damages the cancer cells' DNA so that apoptosis is triggered
Targets cells that are dividing and since cancer cells divide so much faster, it usually leaves the healthy ones alone
Diets
Shrinks fat cells
Ketogenic diet is due to low insulin and uses fat cells for energy with ketones taking the glucose from them
Serotonin- Happiness Hormone
Norepinephrine- Stress Hormone
GABA- Neurotransmitter that increase calmness
DNA stores genetic code
Used in cell division/mitosis
Stored in chromosomes
RNA
Important in making protein
mRNA leaves the nucleus to ribosomes to make protein