Introduction to Statistics - the goal of this mindmap is to serve as an introduction to statistics for elementary teachers.

Statistical Diagrams: If they are created properly, can present data in a clear, concise, and visually pleasing way. Staistical Diagrams help to make sense of data - to summarize and compare them. There are many ways to visually organize data.

Dot Plot

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Used when have relatively small data sets. Example - number of brothers and sisters of students in a class.

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Stem and Leaf Plot

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Used for small sets of data. Often helpful when comparing two sets of data.

Example: The age of a group of shoppers at the mall.

Histogram

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Used to summarize large sets of data into groups or consistent intervals.

Bar Graph

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Be careful that your bars don't touch!

Subtopic

Subtopic

Line Graph

Pie Graph

Use pictures to represent non-numerical data. Be sure to include a clear description of what the picture represents

Statistical Inference

Relative Frequency Polygon

Normal Distribution

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z-score: A standardized score. Provides information on how accurage the observation is. It is fair, quite good or rather poor. Used when have a sample to describe a characteristic of a population.

Percentile: represents the percentage of data that is less than or equal to the percentage. Use z-scores to find the percentile.

Measures of Center

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Measures of Center

Mean: the average value

Median: the middle value after data is placed in increasing order

Mode: the most common value

Range: highest data value - lowest data value

Measures of Spread or Variability

Standard Deviation: the typical deviation of the values from the mean. Step 1: Find the mean. Step 2: for each point, find the square of the difference between the point and the mean (ex. (mean - first point)^2....). Step 3: Find all the squares in step 2. Step 4: Divide your answer from Step 3 by n. Step 5: Take the square root of your answer from Step 4.

Box Plots with Quartiles

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Range