Responses of Effector Organs to Autonomic Nerve Impulses
Sympathetic
Effect
Eye
Contraction of the
radial muscle, iris
(mydriasis)
Receptor: α1
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine
Relaxation of
ciliary muscle for
far vision
Receptor:β2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Secretion in
lacrimal glands
Receptor: α
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine
Heart
SA node:
Increase in
Heart rate
Receptor: β1>β2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Increase in atria
contractility and
conduction velocity
Receptor: β1>β2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Increase in atrioventricular
conduction velocity
and automaticity
Receptor:β1>β2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Increase in automaticity
and conduction velocity
in the His-Purkinje system
Receptor: β1>β2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Increases ventricle contractility,
conduction velocity, automaticity
and rate of idioventricular pacemakers
Receptor: β1>β2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Blood Vessels
Increases constriction
of coronary artery
Receptor: α1,α2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Increases coronary dilation
Receptor:β2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Increases skin and mucosa constriction
Receptor:α1,α2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Increases skeletal muscle contriction
Receptor:α1
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Increases skeletal muscle dilation
Receptor:β2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Slight cerebral constriction
Receptor:α1
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Increases pulmonary constriction
Receptor:α1
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Increases pulmonary dilation
Receptor:β2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Increases Abdominal Viscera
Constriction
Receptor:α1
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Dilation of Abdominal Viscera
Receptor:α1,α2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Increase Salivary Glands
Constriction
Receptor:α1,α2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Increases Renal Constriction:
Receptor:α1,α2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Increases Renal Dilation
Receptor:β1
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Veins Constriction
Receptor:α1,α2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Veins Dilation
Receptor:α1,α2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Lung
Relaxation of tracheal and
bronchial smooth
muscle
Receptor: β2
Neurotransmitter: Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
Higher secretion of
bronchial glands
Receptor: β2
Neurotransmitter: Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
Lower secretion of
bronchial glands
Receptor: α1
Neurotransmitter: Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
Stomach
Inhibition of secretions
Receptor: α2
Neurotransmitter: Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
Decreased motility and tone
Receptor: α1, α2, β1, β2
Neurotransmitter: Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
Contraction of the sphincter
Receptor: α1
Neurotransmitter: Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
Intestine
Decreased motility and tone
Receptor: α1, α2, β1, β2
Neurotransmitter: Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
Contraction of the sphincter
Receptor: α1
Neurotransmitter: Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
Decreased secretions
Receptor: α2
Neurotransmitter: Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
Gallbladder
Relaxation
Receptor: β2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Kidney
Relaxation of kidney ducts
Receptor: β2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Decrease renin secretion
Receptor:α1
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine
High stimulation of renin secretion
Receptor: β1
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/
Epinephrine
Subtopic
Urinary Bladder
Relaxation of detrusor muscle
Receptor: β2
Neurotransmitter:
Norepinephrine/
Epinephrine
Contraction of trigone and sphincter
Receptor:α1
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine
Urether
Increase motility and tone of ureters
Receptor: α1
Neurotransmitter:
Norepinephrine
Uterus
Pregnant contractions
Receptor: α1
Neurotransmitter:
Norepinephrine
Relaxation of the uterus
Receptor:β2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine
Nonpregnant Relaxation
Receptor: β2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine
Sex Organs
Ejaculation
Receptor: α1
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine
Male Skin
Pilomotor muscles
Receptor: α1
Neurotransmitter:Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Localized secretion
Receptor: α1
Neurotransmitter:Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Spleen Capsule
Constraction
Receptor: α1
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Relaxation
Receptor: β2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Liver
Glicogenolysis & gluconeogenesis
Receptor: α1, β2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
Pancreas
Acini
Decrease secretion
Receptor: α
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine
Islet β cells
Decrease secretion substantially
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine
Receptors: α2A
Increase secretion
slightly
Receptors: β
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine
Fat Cells
Lipolysis; Thermogenesis
Receptors: α1; β1, β2, β3
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine
Lipolysis inhibition
Receptors: α2
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine
Salivary Glands
Potassium and water secretion
Receptors: α1
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine
Pineal Gland
Melatonin Synthesis
Receptors: β
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine
Neurohypophysis
ADH secretion
Receptors: β1
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine
Sympathetic Terminal Autoreceptor
Inhibition of Norepinephrine release
Receptors: α2>α2C (α2B)
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine
Parasympathetic Terminal Hereroreceptor
Inhibition ofAcetylcholine release
Receptors: α2A>α2C
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine
Parasympathetic
Effect
Eye
Contraction of the
sphincter muscle, iris
(miosis)
Receptor: M3, M2
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Contraction of
ciliary muscle for
near vision
Receptor: M3,M2
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Secretion in
lacrimal glands
Receptor: M3,M2
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Heart
SA node:
Raduction in
Heart rate
Receptor: M2>>M3
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Reduction in atria
contractility and
shortened AP duration
Receptor: M2>>M3
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Reduction in atrioventricular
conduction velocity: AV block
Receptor: M2>>M3
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Little effect in the
His-Purkinje system
Receptor: M2>>M3
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Slighltly decrease in ventricle contractility
Receptor: M2>>M3
Blood Vessels
No innervation in Coronary Artery
No innervation of Skin and Mucosa
Dilation of Skeletal Muscle
No innveration of Cerebral Blood Vessel
No innervation of Abdominal Viscera
Dilation of Salivary Glands
Receptor M3
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
No innervation of Renal Blood Vessel
Endothelium
Increases NO Synthetase
Receptor M3
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Lung
Contraction of tracheal and
bronchial smooth
muscle
Receptor: M2 = M3
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Stimulation of
bronchial glands
Receptor: M2, M3
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Stomach
Increased motility and tone
Receptor: M2 = M3
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Relaxation of the sphincter
Receptor: M3, M2
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Stimulation of secretions
Receptor: M3, M2
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Intestine
Relaxation of the sphincter
Receptor: M3, M2
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Increased motility and tone
Receptor: M3, M2
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Increased secretions
Receptor: M3, M2
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Gallbladder
Contraction
Receptor: M
Neurotransmitter:
Acetylcholine
Kidney
Contraction of kidney ducts
Receptor: M
Neurotransmitter:
Acetylcholine
Renin Secretion
NO Innervation
Urinary Bladder
High contraction of detrusor muscle
Receptor: M3>M2
Neurotransmitter:
Acetylcholine
Stimulation of trigone and sphincter
Receptor: M3>M2
Neurotransmitter:
Acetylcholine
Urether
Increase motility and tone of ureters (?)
Receptor: M
Neurotransmitter:
Acetylcholine
Uterus
Variable
Receptor: M
Sex Organs
Erection
Receptor: M3
Neurotransmitter:
Male Skin
Sweat glands
Generalized secretion
Receptor: M2 & M3
Neurotransmitter:
Spleen Capsule
Liver
Pancreas
Acini
Secretion
Receptor: M2, M3
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Adrenal gland
Secretion of Epiniphrine & Norepinephrine
Receptor: N (α3)2 (β4)3 & M (secondarily)
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Salivary Glands
Increased Potassium and water secretion
Receptors: M3, M2
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Subtopic
Nasopharyngeal glands
Increased secretion
Receptors: M3, M2
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Parasympathetic Terminal
Autoreceptor
Inhibition ofAcetylcholine release
Receptors: M2 , M4
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
Sympathetic Terminal Heteroreceptor
Inhibition of Norepinephrine release
Receptors: M2 , M4
Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine