Excretory System
Kidney
Nephrons
Glomerulus
Bowman's Capsule
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Collecting Ducts
Renal Pelvis
Filters waste: urea, salt & excess water (flushed out as urine)
Adrenal Gland (cortex)
Aldosterone (steroid hormone)
Increase sodium absorption = higher blood pressure
Signals colon and kidneys to put more sodium in bloodstream or release more potassium into urine
Kidneys & Colon
Renin
Angiotensin-II
Blood vessels, smooth muscles & adrenal cortex
- Controls blood pressure
- Maintains healthy levels of sodium & potassium
- Released in bloodstream when blood pressure is low
Kidney Stones
Deposition of dissolved minerals or insoluble salts on the inner lining of the kidney
Renal calculi
- Severe pain
- Nausea
- Fever/chills and
- Blood in your urine
Urine Formation
Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
Funnels urine via peristalsis into the ureter
cortex through medulla, into renal pelvis
- Water moves out via aquaporins
- Urea exits (no movement of ions)
Excretion of Waste
Cortex
- K+ & Na+ secreted via active transport into urine
- Na+ & Cl- reabsorbed
- Water moves into urine through aquaporins
Floating topic
Floating topic
Floating topic
Cortex into medulla
- Water exits through aquaporins (descending)
- Na+ & Cl- actively transported out (ascending)
Cortex
- ions reabsorbed
- H+ ions secreted
- Water leaves through aquaporins
Cortex
- Na+, Cl- & H+
- Nitrogenous wastes (amino acids, urea, uric acid)
- Vitamins/minerals
Substances filtered into bowman's capsule from glomerulus
Antidiuretic hormone
Juxtaglomerular cells
- Produced in the brain
- Regulate the amount of water excreted by the kidneys
Nephritis
- Pain in pelvis
- Burning sensation in urine
- Cloudy or bloody urine
- Pain in kidney
- Vomiting
- Inflamed nephrons (glomerulonephritis)
- Affects kidney function
- Certain chemicals
- Genetics
- Infection or inflammatory conditions (lupus)
- Medication
- Special treatment (removes excess fluid & dangerous protein)
Uremia
High urea accumulation
Excess urea is removed by hemodialysis
Blood is drained from whichever artery is convenient and is sent to the dialyzing unit
- Medication
- Dialysis & kidney transplant surgery