Self-Worth
Blascovich, Jim and Joseph Tomaka. 1993. "Measures of Self-Esteem." Pp. 115–160 in J.P. Robinson, P.R. Shaver, and L.S. Wrightsman (eds.), Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes. Third Edition. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research.
excerpt
Martín-Albo J, Núñiez JL, Navarro JG, Grijalvo F. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: translation and validation in university students. Span J Psychol. 2007 Nov;10(2):458-67. doi: 10.1017/s1138741600006727. PMID: 17992972.
"a confidence and satisfaction in oneself"
explicit self-esteem
implicit self-esteem
discriminate self-worth and self-esteem
Selbstwertgefühl, Selbstachtung
auch: Selbstbewusstsein
esteem
= respect and admiration
respect...
Respekt, Achtung
Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES)
Example [Source]
Please read each statement and record a number 0, 1, 2 or 3 which indicates how much the statement applied to you over the past two weeks. There are no right or wrong answers. Do not spend too much time on any one statement. This assessment is not intended to be a diagnosis. If you are concerned about your results in any way, please speak with a qualified health professional.0 = Strongly disagree 1 = Disagree 2 = Agree 3 = Strongly agree1 I feel that I am a person of worth, at least on an equal plane with others2 I feel that I have a number of good qualities...For items marked with an (R), reverse the scoring (for example, 0 = 3, 1 = 2, 2 = 1, 3 = 0). For those items without an (R) next to them, simply add the score. Typical scores on the Rosenberg scale are around 22, with most people scoring between 15 and 25. A score of less than 15 suggests low self-esteem may be an issue. Remember that this assessment is just for information, it is not a diagnosis.
aItems
1 - I feel that I am a person of worth, at least on an equal plane with others
2 - I feel that I have a number of good qualities
3 - All in all, I am inclined to feel that I am a failure (R)
4 - I am able to do things as well as most people
5 - I feel I do not have much to be proud of (R)
6 I take a positive attitude toward myself
7 On the whole, I am satisfied with myself
8 I wish I could have more respect for myself (R)
9 I certainly feel useless at times (R)
10 At times I think that I am no good at all (R)
Evaluation
For items marked with an (R), reverse the scoring (for example, 0 = 3, 1 = 2, 2 = 1, 3 = 0). For those items without an (R) next to them, simply add the score.
Typical scores on the Rosenberg scale are around 22, with most people scoring between 15 and 25. A score of less than 15 suggests low self-esteem may be an issue. Remember that this assessment is just for information, it is not a diagnosis.
"a score less than 15 may indicate a problematic low self esteem"
Coopersmith Inventory
"uses a 50-question battery over a variety of topics and asks subjects whether they rate someone as similar or dissimilar to themselves.[27] If a subject's answers demonstrate solid self-regard, the scale regards them as well adjusted. If those answers reveal some inner shame, it considers them to be prone to social deviance.[28]"
Implicit measures
implicit self-esteem
Name Letter Task / effect
...to increase self-esteem
Applications
Positive affirmations
Overview
frequent and common
Examples
Pep talks
affirmative speeces/audios
motivational music
including vocals
is basically an affirmative speech
music (wichout lyrics)
resonates through associations the individual has or creates related to specific music
for example the soundtrack to a film might carry an affirmative affirmation for an individual while the music does not or does have lyrics
Effectiveness
can increase self-esteem max. 1-2 points
this can be enough for some situations and sometimes feel like a breakthrough for the individual
at the same time, it must be remembered that the 1-2 increment (on a scale of 10) is a hard limit of this approach alone
therefore, best to be used in combination with other interventions
have to be applied/used
repetitively
e.g.
audios
exercises
over a longer period of time
The specific content of the positive affirmation
has to be adjusted to the self-esteem level the individual is on
will accordingly change over longer periods - given the self-esteem level has changed due to other interventions
Emotional Stabilization
Overcoming a challenge
the obvious...
Feeling safe
deeper
(Happiness without performing)
"getting the recognition/... I am due"
due
Inner Safe Place
Processing of Emotions