They represent the secret special Stalin´s police, the NKVD. When the dog Bluebell and Jesssie have 9 puppies Napoleon took and trained them, so later they can protect him from the other animals. They are strong and fierce so all animals are afraid of them.
Boxer represents the hard working class in Russia, the ones who don´t stop working because they are obligated or because they want to see the prosperous communist regime which Karl Marx thought about. They work all day, and all night and lots died in the work.
He is hated by all the animals because he doesn´t feed them or sometimes even they didn´t eat nothing in two days. He represent the Tsar Nicholas II, who is captured whith his family and executed.
They represent the Russian citizens, the usual workers that believe all what the newspaper says and do the same every day because the dictator ir lying them. In the story when Squealer says something they repeat it as if they had no brain.
He represents Josef Stalin, the dictator of the farm and the pig who expels the "trator" Snowball from the farm. The name Napoleon is given because of the french general. It is a character who only thinks for his benefits and finally is as bad or worst as Mr Jones. He uses the violence and the force to get in the power
He represents Leon Trotsky, one of the two leaders of the Russian revolution. His rival Stalin, Napoleon in the book, orders his murder. Trotsky escapes to Mexico but he is finally assesinated, Snowball is never finded again. He is the intelligent leader, the one who doesnt uses the violence and who invented the mile.
He represents the sovietic communist newspapers that manipulated the information so the inhabitants don´t reveal. Squealer does the same, when the other animals start to conspire or thinking things that are bad for the dictator Napoleon he changes their idea by telling them a lie.
He is the percursor of the rebelion, the one who gives the idea of a new farm without Mr Jones or humans. He represents Lenin or even Karl Marx, the creators of the Russian Revolution against the Tsar. Later after his motivational speech to the other animals he died.