Annotated Bibliography Mind Map Assignment

Summary: This report examines the emerging regulatory and policy landscape surrounding artificial intelligence (AI) in jurisdictions around the world and in the European Union (EU). In addition, a survey of international organizations describes the approach that United Nations (UN) agencies and regional organizations have taken towards AI. As the regulation of AI is still in its infancy, guidelines, ethics codes, and actions by and statements from governments and their agencies on AI are also addressed. While the country surveys look at various legal issues, including data protection and privacy, transparency, human oversight, surveillance, public administration and services, autonomous vehicles, and lethal autonomous weapons systems, the most advanced regulations were found in the area of autonomous vehicles, in particular for the testing of such vehicles.

quotes

“Chairperson will convene in 2014 an informal Meeting of Experts to discuss the questions related to emerging technologies in the area of [LAWS].”

“oppose creating legally binding prohibitions, including governments who are already known to be developing autonomous weapons systems, such as France, Israel, Russia, South Korea, the US, and the UK.

The First Committee of the General Assembly “deals with disarmament, global challenges and threats to peace that affect the international community and seeks out solutions to the challenges in the international security regime.”

plan: I plan to connect this article to my paper by using its information on the laws of AI to dive deeper into the background of my topic.

Summary: This open access book provides a state-of-the-art overview of current machine learning research and its exploitation in various application areas. It has become apparent that the deep integration of artificial intelligence (AI) methods in products and services is essential for companies to stay competitive. The use of AI allows large volumes of data to be analyzed, patterns and trends to be identified, and well-founded decisions to be made on an informative basis. It also enables the optimization of workflows, the automation of processes and the development of new services, thus creating potential for new business models and significant competitive advantages. The book is divided in two main parts: First, in a theoretically oriented part, various AI/ML-related approaches like automated machine learning, sequence-based learning, deep learning, learning from experience and data, and process-aware learning are explained. In a second part, various applications are presented that benefit from the exploitation of recent research results. These include autonomous systems, indoor localization, medical applications, energy supply and networks, logistics networks, traffic control, image processing, and IoT applications. Overall, the book offers professionals and applied researchers an excellent overview of current exploitations, approaches, and challenges of AI/ML-related research.

quotes

"During the NAS search, hardware- dependent metrics are usually drawn from look-up tables or estimated using a predic- tion model "

"One common approach is to apply AutoML tools as a quick and automated baseline to see if, for a given dataset, any learning progress can be made"

"Some frameworks like H2O AutoML include rudimentary early stopping mechanisms which help alleviate this problem, but they have shown to not be optimal"

plan: I plan to use this information in my paper by explaining the different tools used to create AI.

Summary: As algorithmic data processing increasingly pervades everyday life, it is also making its way into the worlds of art, literature and music. In doing so, it shifts notions of creativity and evokes non-anthropocentric perspectives on artistic practice. This volume brings together contributions from the fields of cultural studies, literary studies, musicology and sound studies as well as media studies, sociology of technology, and beyond, presenting a truly interdisciplinary, state-of-the-art picture of the transformation of creative practice brought about by various forms of AI. (

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“Even a potato in a dark cellar has a certain low cunning about him which serves him in excellent stead. He knows perfectly well what he wants and how to get it” (ibid. 200).

“Fool- ing people into thinking a program is intelligent is just not the same as building programs that actually are intelligent”, argued Gary Marcus (2022).

"We now have machines that can mindlessly generate words, but we haven’t learned how to stop imagining a mind behind them”, in Tiku 2022)

plan: My plan to use this information in my paper is to explain the creative side of AI and how it is used for creative projects such as music, art, and literature.

Plan: This connects well with the"Uncertainty of Artificial Intelligence" by talking about the mainly the past, present, and uncertainty of the future of AI.

Summary:
Language learning and translation have always been complementary pillars of multilingualism in the European Union. Both have been affected by the increasing availability of machine translation (MT): language learners now make use of free online MT to help them both understand and produce texts in a second language, but there are fears that uninformed use of the technology could undermine effective language learning. At the same time, MT is promoted as a technology that will change the face of professional translation, but the technical opacity of contemporary approaches, and the legal and ethical issues they raise, can make the participation of human translators in contemporary MT workflows particularly complicated. Against this background, this book attempts to promote teaching and learning about MT among a broad range of readers, including language learners, language teachers, trainee translators, translation teachers, and professional translators. It presents a rationale for learning about MT, and provides both a basic introduction to contemporary machine-learning based MT, and a more advanced discussion of neural MT. It explores the ethical issues that increased use of MT raises, and provides advice on its application in language learning. It also shows how users can make the most of MT through pre-editing, post-editing and customization of the technology.

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The European Union’s motto “united in diversity” is said to symbolize “the essen-
tial contribution that linguistic diversity and language learning make to the Euro-
pean project”

Article 22 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (The Member
States, 2012) states that “The Union shall respect cultural, religious and linguis-
tic diversity.”

“language competences contribute to the mobility, employability and personal development of
European citizens” (Council of the EU 2014).

plan: I plan to connect this article to my paper by explaining how to the language of AI was created and where exactly it originated from. The article goes into detail about which countries were involved with this which I will quote in my paper.

Summary: Artificial Intelligence and Evaluation is a groundbreaking exploration of how the landscape of program evaluation will be redefined by artificial intelligence and other emerging digital technologies. This book presents a pivotal resource for evaluators navigating the transformative intersection of their practice and cutting-edge technology.

quotes

“evaluations will abandon data collection in favor of data mining ... [because] ... tremendous amounts of data are being collected in our day-to-day lives and stored digi- tally. It will become routine for evaluators to access and integrate these data” (Gargani, 2012).

According to Raftree (2020), who wrote in the context of international devel- opment evaluation, "digital technologies have begun to proliferate in this domain in three distinct waves."

Raftree observes, “new disciplines (such as software develop- ment and data science) are entering the MERL field, bringing new ideas and ways of working” (2020, p. 15).

plan: I plan to use this information in my paper by explaining the exploration of landscapes used in different programs to create AI.

Plan: This source connects to the "Unlocking Artificial Intelligence" source by talking about the how AI is a big question mark to people when it first came out and how it shocked the world.

Plan: this article talks a lot about the development of AI, which connects well with the "Intelligent Art" article.