ce
Chemical Bonds
Intermolecular
H-Bond
Polar
Differing Electronegativities
Van der Vaal's
Hydrophobic
Hydrophillic
Nonpolar
Similar Electronegativities
Dipole-Dipole
Intramolecular
Ionic
Non-Metals + Metal
Anions
Negatively Charged Ions
Cations
Positively Charged Ions
Covalent
Non-Metals
Biological Molecules
carbohydrates
monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides
storage
glycogen
dextran
starch
amylopectin
amylose
structure
chitin
cellulose
proteins
amino acids
primary structure
lipids
fatty acids
saturated
single bonds
unsaturated
cis
double bonds
trans
nucleic acids
RNA
ribose
DNA
deoxyribose
nucleotides
nitrogenous bases
cytosine
uracil
thymine
guanine
adenine
water properties
properties
high specific heat
a lot of energy is required to break hydrogen bonds between water
high surface tension
hydrogen bonds
adhesion
capillary action
cohesion
high heat of vaporization
a lot of energy required to change from liquid to gas
universal solvent
polar molecules
low density when frozen
water freezing @0 Celsius
water floats
2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen
H20
states
solid
liquid
gas
Structural Evolution of Cells
Biological Evolution
Replication of RNA
ce
Origins and Initial Structure
of Cells
Chemical Evolution Hypothesis
Oparin's Bubble Hypothesis
Miller Urey Experiment
Plant Cells
Cell Wall
Animal Cells
ECM
secondary structure
alpha helices
tertiary structure
quaternary structure
beta pleated sheets
Chloroplasts
(Both have)
Vacuole
Membrane
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Endosymbiont Theory
Origins of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
in Eukaryotic Cells
concept map 2
cell membranes
passive transport
diffusion
small, non-polar molecules
osmosis
water tonicity
hypotonic
lysed
turgid
hypertonic
plasmolyzed
shriveled
isotonic
flaccid
normal
concentration gradient
facilitated diffusion
proteins
carrier
pump
polar molecules/ions
active transport
exocytosis
energy (ATP)
endocytosis
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
receptor-mediated
energy transfer
types of energy
chemical energy
light energy
thermal energy
eletrical energy
cellular processes
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
energy flow
trophic levels
food chains
energy pyramid
Cell Communication and Signaling
Physical Contact
Signaling
Eukaryotic Cells
Gap Junctions (Animal Cells)
Plasmodesmata (Plant Cells)
Synaptic Signaling
Local Signaling
Long Distance Signaling
Paracrine Signaling
Signal Molecule
Receptor
Membrane Receptor
Intracellular Receptor
Steroid Hormone
Hormone receptor complex
Genes
mRNA
Protein
G Protein Linked
Receptor
Tyrosine Kinase
Receptor
Ion Channel
Receptor
G Protein
Enzyme
Polypeptides
Kinase
Phosphate Group
Tyrosines
Cellular Response
Ions
Adenylyl Cyclase
ATP
cAMP
Protein
Phosphatase
Concept Map 3
Flow of Genetic information
DNA
Proteins
RNA
Transcription
Translation
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Initiation
RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII)
RNA Polymerase (RNAP)
Promoter
Transcription Factors
RNA Synthesis
Elongation
Termination
Pre-mRNA
3' PolyA tail
RNA Splicing/ DNA Processing
Introns
Exons
5' Cap
Template Strand
Initiation
tRNA
Amino Acid
Codon chart
GTP
Small Ribosomal
Subunit
Met
f-Met
Initiation
Factors
Large Ribosomal
Subunit
Elongation
Peptide Chain
Peptidyl
Transferase
Termination
Release Factor
Stop Codon
Glycoprotein
Vesicle
Golgi
Lysosomes
Back to ER
Membrane
Secretion
Other Destinations of Proteins
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Peroxisomes
Amylase
Insulin
Casein
Albumin
Collagen
DNA
cells
gametes
sperm
haploid
egg
somatic
diploid
meiosis
meiosis I
chromosomes separate
sister chromatids separate
meiosis II
4 haploid daughter cells
genes
genetic mutations
frameshift
missense
silent
chromosomes
mitosis
2 diploid daughter cells
prophase
telophase
anaphase
metaphase
double-stranded
nucleotides
phosphate group + sugar
bases
adenine
guanine
thymine
cytosine
DNA Replication
Messleson and Stahl
Conservative
Semiconservative
Dispersive
ORI
Replication Fork
Helicase
Replication Bubble
Topoisomerase
SSB
Primase
Leading Strand
Lagging Strand
Okazaki Fragments
Ligase
Floating topic
Spliceosome
Alternate Splicing
Anaerobic Fermenation
Aerobic Cell Respiration
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Pyruvate Oxidation
Enters Mitochondria
Oxidizes
NADH
Acetyl CoA
Oxaloacetate
Citrate
Glycolysis
Glucose6P
Fructose6P
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate
Pyruvate
Phases
Energy Investment
2 ATP
Energy Payoff
2 NADH
4 ATP