Learning

Habituation
When there is no connection between 2 stimuli, we will experience it and respond to it but after repeated exposure will stop. To sustain a response we must connect stimuli together. This can be done through classical or operant conditioning.

Classical Conditioning ( learning subtype )
Teaches humans how to respond to a previously neutral stimulus by pairing it with a conditioned stimulus that elicits a reflexive response. With repeated exposure eventually the neutral stimulus alone can elicit that response

Renewal Effect
The sudden reemergence of a conditioned response following extinction when an animal is returned to the environment where the conditioned response was acquired

Higher-order conditioning
This allows us to extend classical conditioning to new stimuli by developing a conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus by virtue of its association with another conditioned stimulus

Conditioned compensatory response
Common application seen with drug response. A conditioned response that is opposite of the unconditioned response and works opposite to it.

Observational Learning: learning that occurs when a person observes and and imitated someone else's behavior. It has 4 requirements.

Attention- model must have attention of the learner

Retention- the learner requires clarity and meaning from the model

Motor Reproduction- must have the skill and practice to be able to replicate

Reinforcement- if the model is reinforced that it enhances the effects of observational learning

Operant Conditioning ( learning subtype )

Learning controlled by the consequences of the organisms’s behaviour which decides the reward. The organism emits a response and is voluntary rather than automatic.

Reinforcement type

outcome or consequence of a behaviour that strengthens the probability of the behaviour. This will be a deciding factor in how probable to behaviour will continue for. There are 4 types of reinforcement.

Positive reinforcement

Negative reinforcement

Positive Punishment

Negative Punishment

Law of effect

Operant conditioning is dependent on the reward and how we manipulate this factor. This principle states that if a stimulus followed by a behaviour results in a reward, the stimulus is more likely to five rise to the behaviour in the future.

Discriminative Stimulus

stimulus associated with the presence of reinforcement
which drives the behaviour in occurring or not.

Schedule of reinforcement

The pattern of reinforcing behaviour. Depending on how how we want to behaviour to occur

Continuous reinforcement

Partial Reinforcement

Fixed Ratio

Variable Ratio

Fixed Interval

Variable Interval

Premack Principle (Grandma's Rule): The idea that an undesired task must be completed before you engage in reinforcing activity

Acquisition
Found in both and this is the learning phase during which a conditioned response or operant response is established.

Extinction
the gradual reduction and eventual elimination of the desired behaviour. The difference is that in classical conditioning the conditioned response if reduced after the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly alone. In operant conditioning the operant response is reduced when reinforcement for that response is no longer presented.

Spontaneous Recovery

Sudden reemergence of an extinct conditioned response in classical conditioning or an extinguished operant response in operant conditioning after a delay following extinction

Stimulus Generalization

In classical conditioning: Stimuli similar to the original conditioned stimulus will elicit a response.
In operant conditioning: in the presence of stimuli similar to the original discriminative stimulus it increases the probability of a response

Stimulus Discrimination

Displaying a less pronounced response to stimuli that is different than the original conditioned stimulus (in classical conditioning) or discriminative stimulus (in operant conditioning).

Unconditioned stimuli (US): automatically produced response without any prior learning

Unconditioned response: an unlearned response

Neutral Stimulus: does not bring about a desired response (before learning)

Conditioned Stimulus (CS): previously neutral stimulus that eventually creates a conditionned response after being associated with an uncondiitioned stimuli

Learning

Habituation
When there is no connection between 2 stimuli, we will experience it and respond to it but after repeated exposure will stop. To sustain a response we must connect stimuli together. This can be done through classical or operant conditioning.

Classical Conditioning ( learning subtype )
Teaches humans how to respond to a previously neutral stimulus by pairing it with a conditioned stimulus that elicits a reflexive response. With repeated exposure eventually the neutral stimulus alone can elicit that response

Observational Learning: learning that occurs when a person observes and and imitated someone else's behavior. It has 4 requirements.

Operant Conditioning ( learning subtype )

Learning controlled by the consequences of the organisms’s behaviour which decides the reward. The organism emits a response and is voluntary rather than automatic.

Acquisition
Found in both and this is the learning phase during which a conditioned response or operant response is established.

Spontaneous Recovery

Sudden reemergence of an extinct conditioned response in classical conditioning or an extinguished operant response in operant conditioning after a delay following extinction

Stimulus Generalization

In classical conditioning: Stimuli similar to the original conditioned stimulus will elicit a response.
In operant conditioning: in the presence of stimuli similar to the original discriminative stimulus it increases the probability of a response

Stimulus Discrimination

Displaying a less pronounced response to stimuli that is different than the original conditioned stimulus (in classical conditioning) or discriminative stimulus (in operant conditioning).

Unconditioned stimuli (US): automatically produced response without any prior learning

Unconditioned response: an unlearned response

Neutral Stimulus: does not bring about a desired response (before learning)

Conditioned Stimulus (CS): previously neutral stimulus that eventually creates a conditionned response after being associated with an uncondiitioned stimuli

Four types of reinforcement

Activity

Edible (food/drinks)

Tangible-(sensory toys)

Social (praise)

GOLDEN RULES

Contingent

Immediate and consistent

Not overused

Sufficient

Motivating

Learning

HabituationWhen there is no connection between 2 stimuli, we will experience it and respond to it but after repeated exposure will stop. To sustain a response we must connect stimuli together. This can be done through classical or operant conditioning.

Classical Conditioning ( learning subtype )Teaches humans how to respond to a previously neutral stimulus by pairing it with a conditioned stimulus that elicits a reflexive response. With repeated exposure eventually the neutral stimulus alone can elicit that response

Observational Learning: learning that occurs when a person observes and and imitated someone else's behavior. It has 4 requirements.

Operant Conditioning ( learning subtype )Learning controlled by the consequences of the organisms’s behaviour which decides the reward. The organism emits a response and is voluntary rather than automatic.

AcquisitionFound in both and this is the learning phase during which a conditioned response or operant response is established.

Spontaneous RecoverySudden reemergence of an extinct conditioned response in classical conditioning or an extinguished operant response in operant conditioning after a delay following extinction

Stimulus GeneralizationIn classical conditioning: Stimuli similar to the original conditioned stimulus will elicit a response. In operant conditioning: in the presence of stimuli similar to the original discriminative stimulus it increases the probability of a response

Stimulus DiscriminationDisplaying a less pronounced response to stimuli that is different than the original conditioned stimulus (in classical conditioning) or discriminative stimulus (in operant conditioning).

Unconditioned stimuli (US): automatically produced response without any prior learning

Unconditioned response: an unlearned response

Neutral Stimulus: does not bring about a desired response (before learning)

Conditioned Stimulus (CS): previously neutral stimulus that eventually creates a conditionned response after being associated with an uncondiitioned stimuli

Four types of reinforcement

Activity

Edible (food/drinks)

Tangible-(sensory toys)

Social (praise)

GOLDEN RULES

Contingent

Immediate and consistent

Not overused

Sufficient

Motivating

Habituation
When there is no connection between 2 stimuli, we will experience it and respond to it but after repeated exposure will stop. To sustain a response we must connect stimuli together. This can be done through classical or operant conditioning.

Classical Conditioning ( learning subtype )
Teaches humans how to respond to a previously neutral stimulus by pairing it with a conditioned stimulus that elicits a reflexive response. With repeated exposure eventually the neutral stimulus alone can elicit that response

Operant Conditioning ( learning subtype )

Learning controlled by the consequences of the organisms’s behaviour which decides the reward. The organism emits a response and is voluntary rather than automatic.

Acquisition
Found in both and this is the learning phase during which a conditioned response or operant response is established.

Spontaneous Recovery

Sudden reemergence of an extinct conditioned response in classical conditioning or an extinguished operant response in operant conditioning after a delay following extinction

Stimulus Generalization

In classical conditioning: Stimuli similar to the original conditioned stimulus will elicit a response.
In operant conditioning: in the presence of stimuli similar to the original discriminative stimulus it increases the probability of a response

Stimulus Discrimination

Displaying a less pronounced response to stimuli that is different than the original conditioned stimulus (in classical conditioning) or discriminative stimulus (in operant conditioning).