is a type of biomolecule that carries genetic information

are composed of and use various biomolecules (ex. proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids) that are important for cell structure and function.

produces different combinations of genetic material in each of the four daughter cells. These different combinations come from the exchange of DNA between paired chromosomes

is determined by how successful an individual or population is at reproduction. Having a higher fitness means there are many offpsring that survive until reproductive age

are passed from parents to offspring during reproduction. Genes carry the genetic information necessary for reproduction.

is a specific type of cell division that results in the creation of gametes for sexual reproduction by halving the number of chromosomes

cells reproduce asexually through binary fission

are different versions of a gene that exist at a specific position on a chromosome

breaks down complex molecules into smaller units that can be absorbedand utilized by cells, while cellular respiration converts these molecules into ATP, providing energy for cellular functions.

can be either

impacts the genetic makeup of a species. Individuals with higher fitness survive, reproduce and pass their traits to the next generation. Over time, impacts the gene pool of a population, which can lead to the creation of new species through processes like adaptation adn speciation

are used transport nutrients, gasses and waste product within the cells to support processes like digestion and respiration

are the building blocks of life, making up all living organisms. Understanding cell structure and function is essential to understanding life processes

is important for species to survive and for its continuation

shapes the diversity of life on Earth,which also leads to the creation of new life forms and the adaptation of organisms to their circumstances

ensures the continuation of life from generation to generation. Without reproduction life would not exist

are changes in the DNA sequence, which can alter gene function

contributes to natural selection by deciding which individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce. Traits that increase fitness are more likely to be naturally selected for and continue to exist in future gene pools

is a mechanism of evolution. Due to natural selection, individuals with traits that are beneficial to a species are more likely to survive and reproduce. Overtime, the selection of favourable traits can change the species gene pool and genetic makeup, which will eventually lead to evolution

are segments of DNA that code for proteins and determine traits

are changes in the DNA sequence of a gene and play a important role in genetics

cells reproduce sexually through meiosis and asexually through mitosis

happen during meiosis. Mutations that happen during meiosis are more problematic because meiosis produces sex cells which pass genetic information from generation to generation

provide genetic variations, which serves as new material for evolution by generating different characteristics

are the primary source of new alleles. By alternating the DNA sequence of a gene, mutations create genetic diversity

breaks down food into smaller biomolecules like amino acids and glucose

can lead to the formation of new species

are essential to life because they perform functions that are essential for the survival, growth, and reproduction of living organisms