Dried cannabis flower is the traditional and most common form of marijuana, edibles, concentrates and other forms are becoming more prevalent
Short Term: Temporary memory loss.
Lack of coordination.
Altered perception of time.
Changes in mood.
Difficulties thinking or problem solving.
Long Term: Can be unpredictable
Adverse effect on memory and learning
Cognitive impairment as an adult
Respiratory issues
Has been associated with certain mental health issues such as depression, and anxiety and may even worsen sx in those w/ schizophrenia.
Legal use in Oregon: Adults age 21 and older can possess and use cannabis within specified limits.
The Oregon Medical Marijuana Act allows medical use of cannabis for qualifying medical conditions.
Public use and driving while impaired remain illegal.
Rules/ Statutes Oregon Revised Statutes (ORS) 475B: Cannabis Regulation
Medical marijuana (OMMP) rules and statutes
Recreational marijuana (OLCC) rules and statutes
Recreational, Medicinal, and Spiritual Use
Smoking: most common, not recommended. Includes joints, bongs, pipes..etc
Vaporizing: produces significantly less harmful bi-products vs smoking.
Oral: includes oils, capsules, edibles, juicing, tinctures, and lozenges
Topical: cannabis infused product to rub on skin
Endogenous cannabinoids function as neurotransmitters and send chemical messages between nerve cells throughout the nervous system. They affect brain areas that influence pleasure, memory, thinking, concentration, movement, coordination, and sensory and time perception. Because of this similarity, THC is able to attach to molecules called cannabinoid receptors on neurons in these brain areas and activate them, disrupting various mental and physical functions and causing the effects described earlier. The neural communication network that uses these cannabinoid neurotransmitters, plays a critical role in the nervous system’s normal functioning, so interfering with it can have profound effects.
Depressant- because it slows down messages that travel between the body and brain. It can calm nerves, relax tense muscles and lower inhibitions
Hallucinogenic- large doses of marijuana can cause hallucinations, delusions and a loss of the sense of personal identity. These effects are generally temporary
Stimulant-increase alertness, attention and heart rate, many people use this drug to enhance their mood and treat depression symptoms.
Overall health effects: driving, stroke, pulmonary function, cross-interaction with drugs and vision
Mental health: psychosis, mania, neurologic soft signs, relapse in patients with psychosis or schizophrenia, and dependence on cannabis
Cancer: testicular cancer
Social effects: impaired driving
Brain changes: decreased glutamate, changes in dopamine, decreased hippocampal volume and poorer global functioning
Neurocognitive changes: reduced memory, anhedonia and decreased efficiency
Harms associated with use during pregnancy: low birth weight, birth complications and long-term effects
Regulation Minimum age alcohol laws:
Persons of any age under 21 may drink in a residence. A parent or guardian must be present. It is illegal for those under 21 to buy alcohol. Or to try to buy it. A parent or guardian must give the beverage to them. It is illegal for those under 21 to drive with any measurable alcohol in their bodies
Selling alcohol: Retailers may sell beer, wine, or spirits between 7 a.m. and 2:30 a.m. every day.It’s illegal to sell alcohol to anyone under age 21. A first offense brings imprisonment of up to one year and/or a fine of $500 to $6,250. Another gets imprisonment of up to one year and/or a fine of $1,000 to $6,250. A third triggers imprisonment of at least 30 days. The same penalties apply to selling alcohol to a visibly intoxicated person.
Recreational: Primarily used in beverages
When people drink alcohol, it travels through the body in their bloodstream. Alcohol reaches every organ and distributes throughout the water in our bodies. Organs such as the brain, which contain a lot of water and need an ample blood supply to work, are particularly affected by alcohol
Oral
Inhalation
Rectally
Injection
Ethanol; only form safe to drink. produced by the fermentation of yeast, sugars, and starches
Methanol (or methyl alcohol) is a component in fuel for cars and boats. It’s also used to manufacture antifreeze, paint remover, windshield wiper fluid, and many other products
Isopropanol (or isopropyl alcohol) is the chemical name for rubbing alcohol, which we use for cleaning and disinfecting.
Short Term: Injuries, such as motor vehicle crashes, falls, drownings, and burns.
Violence, including homicide, suicide, sexual assault, and intimate partner violence.6-10
Alcohol poisoning, a medical emergency that results from high blood alcohol levels.
LongTerm: High blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, liver disease, and digestive problems.
Cancer of the breast, mouth, throat, esophagus, liver, and colon.
Weakening of the immune system, increasing the chances of getting sick.
Social problems, including lost productivity, family problems, and unemployment.
Mental health problems, including depression and anxiety.
Learning and memory problems, including dementia and poor school performance.
Miscarriage and stillbirth or fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) among pregnant women
Risky sexual behaviors, including unprotected sex or sex with multiple partners. These behaviors can result in unintended pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV.
Depressant, meaning that it slows down vital functions
Consuming too much alcohol is linked to high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, trouble pumping blood through the body, blood clots, stroke, cardiomyopathy (sagging, stretched heart muscle), or heart attack. Excessive alcohol use, both directly and through malnutrition, can also lead to anemia.
Alcohol may have more drastic effects on the central nervous system in the long-term. Pain, odd sensations, and numbness in a person’s hands or feet can arise due to the more chronic changes in CNS pathways. Retinal vascular changes and other damage to the eyes may also occur, over time.
it thins the blood thus depriving vital organs of oxygen via the bloodstream. It dehydrates.
The heart is one of the most important organs in the human body, and it also happens to be especially susceptible to the effects of alcohol. While heart-related complications caused by alcohol are most common in people who participate in excessive consumption for a prolonged period of time, drinking too much on a single occasion can have negative effects on the cardiovascular system as well.
inhlation
absoroption.
Smoking tobacco increases risks for:
-Preterm (early) delivery
-Stillbirth (death of the baby before birth)
-Low birth weight
-Sudden infant death syndrome (known as SIDS or crib death)
-Ectopic pregnancy
-Orofacial clefts in infants
Harder for a woman to become pregnant. It can also affect her baby’s health before and after birth.
Men’s sperm, which can reduce fertility and also increase risks for birth defects and miscarriage.
General adverse effects on the body, including inflammation and decreased immune function.
Women past childbearing years who smoke have weaker bones than women who never smoked. They are also at greater risk for broken bones.
Increase your risk for cataracts . It can also cause age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Smoking tobacco is a cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus.The risk of developing diabetes is 30–40% higher for active smokers than nonsmokers.
can affect bone health.
Smoking affects the health of your teeth and gums and can cause tooth loss.
Increased blood pressure and heart rate
Stimulant
Thousands of young people start smoking cigarettes every day
Secondhand smoke
Smoking can cause cancer in your
-Bladder
-Blood (acute myeloid leukemia)
-Cervix
-Colon and rectum (colorectal)
-Esophagus
-Kidney and ureter
-Larynx
-Liver
-Oropharynx (includes parts of the throat, tongue, soft palate, and the tonsils)
-Pancreas
-stomach
-Trachea, bronchus, and lung
Smoking can cause lung disease by damaging your airways and the small air sacs (alveoli) found in your lungs.
Lung diseases caused by smoking include COPD, emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Cigarette smoking causes most cases of lung cancer
Cigarettes
Cigars, Little Cigars, Cigarillos
Dissolvable Products
Electronic Cigarettes (Also Referred to as: Vape Pen, e-Hookah, Hookah Pen)
Traditional Smokeless Tobacco Products
Waterpipes (Also Referred to as: Hookah, Shisha, Narghile, Argileh)
Tobacco which contains nicotine is usually smoked in cigarettes. It is also smoked in cigars and pipes. There are numerous forms of smokeless tobacco including chewing tobacco, and wet and dry.
Recreational.
Just 10 seconds after a cigarette smoker inhales, nicotine is absorbed through the skin and the mucosal linings in the nose, mouth and lungs, and travels through the bloodstream to the brain
Narrow your arteries, reducing the amount of oxygen rich blood circulating to your organs
Oregon law prohibits vending machines that supply tobacco products or inhalant delivery systems from being in any place except an Oregon Liquor Control
Oregon law prohibits a person under the age of 18 from possessing tobacco products or inhalant delivery systems
Oregon law requires retailers to post a notice informing the public that selling tobacco products and inhalant delivery systems to individuals under 21 is prohibited. Oregon law also prohibits the sale of inhalant delivery systems packaged in a manner attractive to minors.
The sale of tobacco in any form to persons under 21 years of age is prohibited by law. Any person who sells, or allows to be sold, tobacco to a person under 21 years of age is in violation of Oregon law
Traditional form of caffeine administration in research and athletic settings has been to ingest tablets/capsules along with water or to drink coffee
Oral
Mouth rinse
Beverages
Gum
Bars
Lozenges
Gels
Nasal
Nasal aerosol sprays
Caffeine affects everyone differently, based on their size, weight and health
Some people can build up tolerance
Short Term Effects: May be experienced between 5 to 30 minutes after consuming caffeine and can last up to 12 hours:
-feeling more alert and active
-Restlessness, excitability and dizziness
anxiety and irritability
-dehydration and needing to urinate more often
-higher body temperature
-faster breathing and heart rate
-headache and lack of concentration
-stomach pains
Long-term effects:
Regular, heavy use of caffeine (such as more than 4 cups of coffee a day) may eventually cause:
-nervousness
-difficulty Sleeping
-restlessness
-irritability and headaches
-dizziness and ringing in the ears
-muscle tremor
-weakness and fatigue
-rapid heart rate and quickened breathing rate
-poor appetite, nausea, vomiting and -diarrhea
-increased thirst, frequent urination or increased urine volume
-irregular heart rate or rhythm
-low blood pressure with faintness or falls
seizures, confusion or delirium
Stimulant
Speeds up the messages travelling between the brain and the body
It’s possible to die from having too much caffeine, but this is extremely rare. This would usually only happen if 5–10g of caffeine (or 80 cups of strong coffee) were consumed one after the other
Using caffeine with other drugs can be unpredictable and dangerous, and could cause:
Caffeine + alcohol: enormous strain on the body, and can mask some effects of alcohol such as falling asleep, leading to drinking more and risk taking behavior.
Caffeine + other stimulant drugs: increase the risk of cardiovascular problems
A high caffeine intake may worsen symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Caffeinated products are readily available and attractive to children and adolescents
Beverages
-Coffee
-Tea
-Red Bull
-Mountain Dew®
-Coca Cola®
-Diet Coke®
-Coke Zero®
-Brewed black tea
-Brewed green tea
-Coffee, cappuccino
-Coffee, flat white
-Coffee, long black
-Coffee, from ground coffee beans, espresso style
-Chocolate, milk with added milk solids -Chocolate, dark, high cocoa solids
Caffeine occurs naturally in the leaves, seeds, or fruit of more than 60 plants
Foods
-Gum
-jelly beans
- syrup
-marshmallows
-sunflower seeds
-chocolate
Recreational and medicinal
Body tissues absorb caffeine within 45 minutes. It reaches peak level in the blood within 1 hour and remains there for 4 to 6 hours1
Caffeine blocks adenosine’s ability to open up the brain’s blood vessels, causing them to constrict. This is why caffeine is used in pain relief medicine for headaches. If the headache is vascular, relief comes as the caffeine narrows the blood vessels
Caffeine looks like adenosine, and caffeine binds to the adenosine receptors.
The FDA’s official stance is that caffeine is safe for consumers up to 400mg/ daily. They allow caffeine to be added to beverages and food as long as it is listed in the ingredients panel
It is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world
According to 21 CFR 182.1180, caffeine up to a level of 0.02 percent (200 ppm) is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in cola-type beverages (consistent with cGMPs).
Sports performance
Brain function
alertness
weight loss
Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease
can treat and prevent the premature infant breathing disorders bronchopulmonary dysplasia of premature babies and apnea of premature babies
Effects of Heroine are different depending on
-Strength of dose
-Other drugs taken at the same time
-The person’s size and weight
-Their general state of mind
-Presence of health conditions
Immediate effects of using heroin
- feel sick
- vomiting
- loss of sex drive
- narrowing of pupils
Effects endorphins, Enkephalins, GABA, and dopamine.
Intense high of euphoria by releasing excess dopamine. Indescribable high, most of the time unrepeatable
Over time, the body will develop a tolerance to the drug, causing withdrawal symptoms to arise when use is abruptly discontinued
Psychological dependence is a state of mind that influences the user to continuously use the drug, or the belief or perception that the user needs the drug to function.
Intravenous injection is the fastest route of drug administration.
Smoking, suppository (anal or vaginal insertion), insufflation (snorting), and ingestion (swallowing).
Illegal street drug
Once heroin enters the brain, it is converted to morphine and binds rapidly to opioid receptors.
Opioids can depress breathing by changing neurochemical activity in the brain stem, where automatic body functions such as breathing and heart rate are controlled.
Opioids can block pain messages transmitted through the spinal cord from the body.
Heroin affects brain function and breathing to the point of slowing down or stopping both
Can create a rush or a high
Opiate dependence
Build up of brain cells, creates tolerance
Biggest danger when combined with alcohol.
Biggest accidental OD occurs with experimental teens
Increases concern of date rape drugs
Heroin possession is a serious crime.
When heroin possession is charged as a federal offense in federal court, a person who is convicted of a first offense of heroin possession, who has no prior convictions of possession of any narcotic (be they in federal or state court), may be sentenced to not more than one year in prison, fined not less than $1,000, or both.
A person convicted of heroin possession after a prior conviction of possession of that or any other narcotic in either federal or state court may be sentenced to not less than 15 days and not more than two years in prison, fined not less than $2,500, or both.
SubtoStates also punish the possession of heroin, and the sentence will vary according to state law.pic
Depressant; Heroin is a CNS depressant that slows the body down and makes a user feel calm and relaxed.
The most common forms are black tar from Mexico and white heroin from Columbia.
Heroin, a derivative of opium, was first created in 1874 and was marketed in 1898 as a cough medicine by a German pharmaceutical company.
Heroin is a semi-synthetic drug, meaning it begins as a natural source. Heroin originates from a natural substance extracted from the seedpod of an Asian opium poppy plant. The substance extracted is converted into morphine through intricate processes and chemically altered to create heroin
crystal meth
glass
ice
Physical Effects:
Weight loss (meth shuts down the brain’s hunger centers)
Sleep deprivation (the constant stimulation shorts out the need for sleep)
Dehydration
Elevated body temperature
Skin abscesses (caused by injecting meth into the skin, instead a vein)
Osteoporosis (teeth and bones become easily breakable)
Decreased libido
Meth radically alters the brain’s chemistry, this change manifests in a number of
behavioral changes as well. Severe paranoia, hallucinations, and
aggressive behavior marked by wild mood swings.
Methamphetamine causes a release of dopamine and serotonin, producing the intense rush that users feel.
As a powerful stimulant, methamphetamine, even in small doses, can increase wakefulness and physical activity and decrease appetite. Methamphetamine can also cause a variety of problems, including rapid heart rate, irregular heartbeat, and increased blood pressure.
In the United States is regulated under Schedule II of the Controlled Substances Act
It is approved for pharmacological use in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and treatment-resistant obesity, but it is primarily used as a recreational drug.
Stimulant
meth, is a powerful stimulant prescribed by doctors in very low doses to control conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Methamphetamine can be taken orally, by intravenous injection, by smoking, or by snorting.
Forces the brain to pump out dopamine, the neurotransmitter that induces a sense of satisfaction from a job well done.
Hijack that system and push the brain to secrete more dopamine than is normal and healthy.
Meth destroys dopamine receptors in the brain, rendering the patient incapable of experiencing pleasure through any other means or source aside from the meth
Due to the ease of obtaining these ingredients, homemade meth became a massive problem in rural America, resulting in widespread addiction, a rash of overdose cases, and incidents of poisoning and explosions
Meth lab explosions have often been deadly, and not just to the operators. In 2012 alone, there were a total of 11,210 “meth lab incidents”
More serious effects when mixed with other drugs.
Meth is so powerful that it is instantly habit-forming, opening the door to long-term consumption.
Speed.
Crank.
Tweek.
Uppers.
Chalk.
Christina.
Tina.
Go fast.
Cookies.
Cotton candy.
Dunk.
Gak.
Go-go juice.
No doze.
White cross.
Pookie.
Rocket fuel.
Scooby snax.
Wash.
Trash
Garbage.
Other names referring to a high
Getting geared up
Chicken flipping
Hot rolling
Getting fried or foiled
Tweaking
Zooming
Getting scattered or spun out
Methamphetamine was derived from amphetamine in Japan in 1919. Both of these chemicals were originally used in nasal decongestants and in bronchial inhalers
Solvents
industrial or household products, including:
paint thinners or removers
dry-cleaning fluids
gasoline
lighter fluid
art or office supply solvents, including:
correction fluids
felt-tip marker fluid
electronic contact cleaners
glue
Aerosol sprays
household aerosol items, including:
spray paints
hair or deodorant sprays
aerosol computer cleaning products
vegetable oil sprays
Gases
found in household or commercial products, including:
butane lighters
propane tanks
whipped cream aerosols or dispensers (whippets)
used as anesthesia (to make patients lose sensation during surgery/procedures), including:
ether
chloroform
nitrous oxide
Nitrites
often sold in small brown bottles labeled as:
video head cleaner
room odorizer
leather cleaner
liquid aroma
Inhalants are mostly used by young kids and teens and are the only class of substance used more by younger than by older teens.
Nitrites, which are often prescribed to treat chest pain, are misused in order to improve sexual pleasure by expanding and relaxing blood vessels.
Because nitrites are misused for sexual pleasure and performance, they can lead to unsafe sexual practices or other risky behavior. This increases the chance of getting or spreading infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS or hepatitis.
inhalants are used as recreational drugs for their intoxicating effect
Depressant
In Oregon It is unlawful for a person to possess any inhalant if the person intends to use the inhalant for the purpose of inducing intoxication in the person who possesses the inhalant or for the purpose of inducing intoxication in any other person
Any person who violates this section commits a violation. Violation of this section is a Class C violation. In addition to or in lieu of a fine, a juvenile court may require that a minor who engages in conduct prohibited by this section be provided with treatment and counseling.
Most inhalants affect the central nervous system and slow down brain activity
Many inhalants affect the brain in ways similar to depressants like tranquilizers, sedatives, or alcohol, although the effects are usually shorter-lasting.
nitrites can make your blood vessels larger and your heart beat faster.
They contain dangerous substances that have psychoactive (mind-altering) properties when inhaled
pimples around the mouth and lips are a common side effect of long term use.
Short Term
slurred or distorted speech
lack of coordination (control of body movement)
euphoria (feeling high)
dizziness
Long Term
liver and kidney damage
hearing loss
bone marrow damage
loss of coordination and limb spasms (from nerve damage)
delayed behavioral development (from brain problems)
brain damage (from cut-off oxygen flow to the brain)
With repeated inhalations, many people feel less self-conscious and less in control. Some may start vomiting, feel drowsy for several hours, or have a headache that lasts a while.
Overdose
easier to obtain
Inhalation
Breathing in the fumes through their nose or mouth, usually by sniffing, snorting, bagging, or huffing
Hallocinogens
Different psychedelics interfere with different brain chemicals. Those that interfere with serotonin can impact body temperature, hunger, sleep, moods and muscle control.
Psilocybin gets broken down into psilocin
Serotonin reuptake is prevented
Brain activity is decreased overall
The hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex are activated
long history of use in traditional medicine and traditional religion, for their perceived ability to promote physical and mental healing
Recreationally
Psychedelics assisted therapy
Short Term
Increased heartbeat
High blood pressure
Rapid, abnormal, slight, or irregular breathing
Loss of muscle control
Shaking
Poor coordination
Long Term
Terrifying experiences
Permanente hallucinations
Mood disorders
Learning disabilities
Abstract realizations
permanent personality changes
Changes in perception
Inability to communicate thought and feelings
Disease
Use of ayahuasca is likely to be more dangerous when:
taken in combination with alcohol or other drugs.
Overdose, bad trips, coming down
LSD + ice, speed or ecstasy: can increase the chances of a bad trip and can also lead to panic 5
LSD + alcohol: increased nausea and vomiting
The effects of mixing NBOMes with other drugs, including alcohol or prescription medication are not known. Mixing drugs can be unpredictable and may increase the risk of adverse effects.
LSD:
Class B felony
Up to 10 years in prison and $100,000 in fines
All the senses, altering a person’s thinking, sense of time, and emotions. They can also cause a person to hallucinate—seeing or hearing things that do not exist or are distorted
increased body temp
loss of coordination
Hallucination
distorted perceptions
disorganized thoughts
Anxiety
paranoid
panic
euphoria
Studies have shown that long term effects can be beneficial, specifically regarding depression.
Ayahuasca is made into a liquid and drank
LSD is usually swallowed, or dissolved under the tongue, but it can also be sniffed, injected or smoked
NBOMes may be taken under the tongue, held in the cheek, snorted or swallowed.
Magic mushrooms are eaten fresh, cooked or brewed into a tea. The dried version is sometimes smoked, mixed with cannabis or tobacco
Ayahuasca
A plant-based psychedelic
Other names: Huasca, yagé, Kamarampi, Huni, brew, daime, the tea, la purga
LSD
A synthetic chemical, made from a substance found in ergot, which is a fungus that infects rye
Other names: Acid, trips, tabs, microdots, dots, Lucy
NBPMes
Synthetic psychedelics. There are a number of different NBOMes, including 25B-NBOMe and 25C-NBOMe
Other names: N-Bomb, Bom-25, 2C-I-NBOMe, 25-I-NBOMe, 25I, Pandora, Solaris, Divination, Wizard, and Smiley Paper.
Psilocybin
Psilocybin or magic mushrooms are naturally occurring and are consumed for their hallucinogenic effects.
Other names: Shrooms, mushies, blue meanies, golden tops, liberty caps.