Common Ancester
-DNA as genetic storage
-Ester bonds

Bacteria

-Peptidoglycan in Cell Wall

Escherichia Coli

C.A. of Eukarya and Archea
-Histones
-Methionine
-cell wall without peptiglocan

Eukarya (Ursus americanus)
-Esther Linkages
-Chromosomes in Nucleus
-Membrane bound Organelles

Archaeplastida
-Primary,Plastids in photosynthetic species

Rhotophytes

Subtopic

Charophytes
-Zygotic,Not Disiccation resistant,
gametophyte, diffusion by osmosis,
tissue throughout body.No true leaves.

Braun's Sonewort

C.A.
-Sporic,Apical Meristems, Embryo,
gemetangla, Sporangia.

Liverwort

Common Liverwort

C.A.

Hornwort

Field Hornwort

C.A.

Mosses

Wooly Feather Moss

C.A.
-Presence of Lignin.
-Xylem/Phloem
-Lycophysis, Sporophyte
-Waxy Cuticle,Stomata.

Lycophytes

Fan Clubmoss

C.A.

Monilophyte

Eastern Marsh Fern

C.A.
-Seeds, Pollen, heterospory, wood, ovules

Gymnosperms

Scots Pine

C.A.

Bald Cypress

C.A.

C.A.
-Ovary,fruit

Angiosperms

C.A.
-Flowers

White Water Lily

C.A.

Southern Magnolia

C.A.

C.A.

Subtopic

Subtopic

Excavata
-feeding groove
-Plastids in photosynthetic species

Stramenopilia
-Tripartite flagellar hair
-Plastids in photosynthetic species
secondary.

Chlorophytes

Euglenoids

SAR Clade

Alveolata
-Membranous vesicles on cell membrane
-Plastids in photosynthetic species, Secondary
or tertiary.

Dinoflagellates

Rhizaria
-Filose pseudopodia

Diatoms

Radiolarians

Unikonta

Fly Agaric

Slime Mold

Black Bread Mold

Opisthokonta
-Single posterior flagellum on swimming cells
-Absorptive Heterotrophy

Animals (Ancestral Colonial Protist)
-Mobility,
- complex organ systems
-Gametic Lifestyle
-Multicellularity

Porifera
Giant Barrel Sponge

Eumetazoa
-Have true tissues

Cnidaria
-Diploblasty
-Radial Symmetry

Medusozoa
-Produces a medusa

Scyphozoan
-Majority of life cycle in medusa stage
Moon Jelly
(Aurelia aurita)

Hydrozoan
-Alternate between polyp and medusa forms
Pennaria distcha

Anthozoa
-Occur Only as polyps
Elkhorn Coral
(Acropora Palmata)

Bilateria
-Bilaterial Symmetry
-Triploblasty

Protostomia
-Spiral and determinate cleavage
-Fate of Blastospore:Mouth.

Lophotrochozoa
-Presence of trochophore
larvae or lophophore.
No:Ecdysis

Piatyhelminthes

Rhabditophora
-Predators
-Thin Bodies
-Dorsoventrally Flattened
-Nerve Nets
Macrostomum ligano

Trematoda
-Parasite with intermediate Host
Sheep Liver Fluke (Fasciola hepaticia)

Cestoda
(Tapeworms)
-Scolex
-Proglottids
-Parasite
Pork Tapeworm (Taenia solium)

...

Mollusca

Gastropoda
(Snails and Slugs)
-Movement with a foot
-Single Spiraled Shell
Golden Apple Snail (Pornacea canaliculate)

Cephlopoda
(Squids, Octapuses)
-Marine Predatory Animals
-Tentacles
-Reduced or Internal Shell

Bivalvia
(clams and Oysters)
-Shell divided into two halves
-Suspension feeders
Soft Shell Clam
(Mya arenaria)

Subtopic

Annelida
Common Earthworm
(Lumbricus terrestris)

Ecdysozoa
-Yes:Ecdysis

Arthropoda

Hexapoda (Insects)
-Can fly
-Metamorphosis
-Segmented Body with Head

Monarch Butterfly
(Danaus Plexippus)

Crustacea
(Lobsters, Shrimp, Barnacies)
-Specialized Appendages

Chesapeake Blue Crab
(Callinect's sapidus)

Chelicarata
(Sea Spiders, Horseshoe Crabs, Ticks, Spiders)
-Chelicerae
-No Antennae and Simple eyes.
Southern Black Widow
(Latrodectus Mactans)

Nematoda (Roundworm)

Deuterostomia
-Radial Cleavage
-indeterminate Cleavage
-Fate of Blastospore: Anus.

Echinodermata
-Water Vascular System
-Tube feet

Asteriodea
(Sea Stars and Sea Daisies)
-Arms Radiating out
-tube Feet
Begins digestion outside of body
Giant Sea Star
(Pisaster gigantaeus)

Ophiuroidea
(Brittle Stars)
-Central disk with long flexible arms
serpentine Movements
Serpent Star
(Ophiura ophiura)

Echinodea
(Sea urchins and Sand Dollars)
-No arms
-5 radially arranged groups of feet
Purple Sea Urchin
(Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)

Holothuroidea
(Sea Cucumbers)
-No Spine
-Reduced Endoskeleton
Elongated in Oral-arboral axis
California Sea Cucumber
(Apostichopus Californicus)

Chordata
-Notochord
-Hollow Dorsal Nerve Chord
-Pharynagial Slits
-Post Anal Tail

Subtopic

Vertebral Column
-Cranium
-Catilaginous Skeleton
-Ectotherm

Subtopic

-Lungs or Lung Derivatives

Lobed Fins

-Limbs with digits

-Amniotic Egg
-Endothermy (birds)

Reptilia
(Turtles, Snakes, Crocodiles,Birds)
-Ectothermy (non-bird reptiles)
Green Sea Turtle
(Chelonia mydas)

Mammalia
(Mammals)
-Milk
-Hair
American Black Bear
(Ursus americanus)

Amphibia
(Frogs, Salamanders)
Red Eye Tree Frog
(Agalychnis calldryas)

Lobe Fin-Fishes
Caelacanth
(Latimera chalumnae)

Ray-Finned Fishes
Blue Tang
(paracanthus hepatus)

Chondrichtyes
(Sharks, Rays, Chimeras)
Great White Shark
(Carcharodon carcharias

Agnathans
(Lampreys and Hagfish)
Pacific Hagfish

Urchordata
(Tunicates)
-Metamorphesis in adult stage
(loss of chordate characteristics)
Sea Peaches
(Halocynthia auratium)

Cephalochordata
(Lancelets)
-Bladelike Shape
(Branchiostoma Lanceoiatum)

Choanoflagellates
-Ancestral Colonial

...

Subtopic

Fungi_
-cell walls with chitin
-zygotic lifestyle
-multicellularity

Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria)

Black Bread Mold
(Rhizopus Stolonifer)

Amebozoa
-Pseudopodia that extend like tubes or flat lobes

Archaea
-Ether Bonds (derived from ester bonds).

Foraminifera

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