The Thirty Years' War

power struggle between French and Hapsburg monarchies

unresolved revolt in the Netherlands

contest between Denmark and Sweden for control over the Baltic

Imperial constitutional crisis

religious 'overtones' (wallace p155), but it was a political conflict.

weakness in position of emperor leads to catholic 'ultra' being appointed king of Bohemia, traditionally protestant and tolerant, and subsequent revolt

Weak protestant (Palatinate) put in place by Bohemians, is ejected by Catholic forces, and his lands invaded

things go well for counter revolutionary forces

March 1629 - Edict of Resolution - whcih 'destroyed any semblence of political or confessional balance in the empire'

Even though the way was open for Catholic forces to complete the work of the counter reformation this didn't happen

Counter-reformation became too entwined with increase in power of Spanish Hapsburgs.

Danish & English and Dutch "Protestant Union" is defeated when Danish Withdraw

Swedish entry re-ignites the war

When peace is negotiated in 1635, Sweden is left out

France then enters the war as ally of Sweden and to prevent Hapsburg domination of Central Europe

Peace of Westphalia 1648

secures hapsburg political power in central Europe

weakens Hapsburg imperial power.

extends recognition to Calvinists

reduced power of princes to demand confessional conformity

contained imperial power through the Diet, in which protestand and calvinist had a voice.

following 1650 religion played less of a role in foreign relations

Long reformation followed 1650 is concerned with

movements concerned with reform in each confession

bringin the message of reformed christianity to parishoners

Morebeth

pressure from Counter Reformation fans the fears of protestants?

Increased Power of Catholic France?

Ideas of D. Right of Kings?

Did they form as a result of 30 years' war?

Trade?

does War on continent restrict / reduce trade & therefore both taxation and income for king & country?