23.1 Am.s and Nat. Ams Seek Equality

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Am.s and Nat. Ams Seek Equality 23.1

Indian Edu. Act (1972)Indian Self-Determination and Edu Assistance Act (1975)

gave tribes greater control over own affairs and edu. of children

Trail of Broken Treaties

pushed for end of Bureau of Ind. Affairs (BIA)

pushed for restoration of 110 mill acres of land to Nat. Am

protested US Gov'ts treaty's violations

1825"Permanent Indian Country//Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851//Treaty of 1868

1972 march on Wash. DC l

led by AIM leader Russel Means

Am. Indian Movement

begun in Minneapolis as self-defense group against police brutality

branched out to N and W Nat. Am. pop.

1968 frequently militant org. to work for Nat. Am rights

Declarations of Ind. Purpose

stressed Nat. Am determination to choose their way of life

1961, 67 rep from Nat Am groups met in Chicago

Nat. Ams

death rate twice as high & life span shorter

more likely to have tuberculosis & alcoholism

due to poor living conditions & foreign disease

Mex. Am. Pol. Assoc.(MAPA)

1962, helped elect LA pol. Edward Roybal to House of Rep.

Henry Gonzalez- 1st

2nd Mex. Am to serve in Conress

lobbied for legislation that benefited the Lat. community

Sponsored: candidates, registered and edu. voters

Reies Tijerina

helped reclaim US land taken from Mex. landholders in 19th century

founded Alianza Fed. de Mercedes (Fed. Alliance of Land Grants)

La Rada Unida

won positions on school boards, city councils, & several races for mayor

ran Lat. candidates in 5 states

Latino pol. org. founded 1970 by Jose Angel Gutierrez

"Brown Power"

Chicanos- Mex. pride

E.LA -organized student walkouts in high schools

programs to reduce Latino dropout rate

more Chicano teachers and admin.

smaller classes

demanded:

Brown Berets- group formed by David Sanchez

inspired by Mex. CA farm workers

Cesar Chavez

Mex. union leader

La Causa

Chavez's strategy: cause of social and econ. justice for farm workers

inspired by Jessie Lopez de la Cruz's speech

1962, with Dolores Huerta, estab. Nat. Farmer's Assoc.

made 1966 to seek higher wages and better working conditions for Mex. Am farmers in CA

United Farm Worker's Organizing Committee (UFNWC)

later merged NFA w/Filipino union to form:

believed in uniting farm workers to bargain for improved conditions and better treatment