Memory & Learning

Mehr dazu

Schools of Thought

von Julian Blandi

Research Process (Kuhlthau)

von Elizabeth Dolinger

Flipped Classroom

von Erika Mishel

Schema Theory

von Jessica van den Brink

Information Processing Model

Memory & Learning

Recognition VS recall

Command Based vs GUI

Post-completion errors

e.g sending email w/ no attachment

Instructions VS exploration

other ways of learning

Manual, training, online help, friends/colleagues

APPLIED: Encourage Exploration

cost/benefit analysis whether to procede

Requires they can guess. LINK TO MENTAL MODELS

Context /goal specific help

Well labelled, well organised menus, UNDO

progressive disclosure, reveal feature incrementally

Disadvantages

May forget how a goal was accomplished

reflection can help

Can learn non-ideal methods that are slower

Rieman, 1996

Problem solving, fun

just in time, task dependent

dont read a manual

Like to try it out based on past experiences & current mental model, prefer explore

Carroll / instructions

Word processing. manual vs cards relating to tasksGrp 2 quicker to learn, complete & more successful at completing tasks

Long-term (LTM)

3 related activities

Retrieving

recall & recognition

Forgetting

decay & interference. We never lose it, just hard to retrieve

Remembering / storing

repitition, meaningful,

Procedural

Hard to explain, mostly unconcious

Knowing how. e.g. to ride a bike. Learning of motor and cognitive skills

Semantic

Knowing that. e.g. facts, concepts. Semantic network of connections (neurons)

Episodic

Stories, events, about things

Slow access time, unlimited capacity, slow decay

Short-term (STM)

Interference only occurs when tasks utilize the same channel

Recency effect

7+- 2 items of information (Miller)

Chunk

Decays repidly

eg when calculating basic maths or reading a sentence

Sensory

Cocktail party effect, hear your name, choose to attend

Filtered to STM by attention

Haptic

Echoic

Location of sound, playsback to work out

Iconic

sparkler (0.5 seconds)