Models

Mehr dazu

A

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von Mennah Khaled El Beblawy

MODALS

von Cynthia Déglise

Models

Advice

(PR) Had better to do

(PR) Ought to

(PR) Should

Permission

(PAST) Could (for reported)

(PAST) Be allowed to

(PR) Can (unpolite)

(PR) Could (less polite)

(PR) May (most polite)

Ability

(PAST) Could have V3 (for unreal situation)

(PAST) Could (for past situation(real))

(PR) Could (for unreal)

(PR) Can (for present and future situations)

Degrees of certainty

Posibility

(PR) May, could, might

(PAST) may, could, might + have V3

Probability

(PR) Should, ought to

(PAST) should, ought to + have V3

Certainty (90-99%)

(PR) Must, can't, couldn't

(PAST) must, can't, couldn't + have V3

Obligation

(PAST) Needed to (didn't need to)

(PAST) Need have V3 (nedn't have done(V3))

(PAST) Had to (didn't have to)

Be supposed to

(PR) Need to

Don't need to

Needn't

(PR) Have to (don't have to)

(PR) Must (must not)

Criticism

(PAST) Ought (not) to have done(V3)

(PAST) Should (not) have done(V3)