PLASTIC MATERIALS

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Basic knowloedge about solids

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PLASTIC MATERIALS

MODIFICATION TECHNIQUES

CUTTING

utility knife

HACKSAW

Scissors

DRAWING MARKS AND LINES

MEASURING

Protactor

ruler

measuring tape

Carpenter´s square

measuring-marking-cutting-drilling-filling and sanding-joining

PLASTIC FORMING TECHNIQUES

MOULDING

Compression moulding

Injection moulding

Blow moulding

VACUUM FORMING

The sheet is cooled and removed from the mould

The air under the sheet is sucked out to create a vacuum.

The sheet of plastic is heated until it becomes soft

A sheet of thermoplastic material is placed over a mould.

CALENDARING

In the calendering process, thermoplastic material is passed betwween rollers to make thin sheets.

EXTRUSION

When the plastic leaves the machine, it is hardened in a bath of cool water

Inside the cylinder, there is a screw that turns and pushes and pushes the plastic out through a die.

Thermoplastic material, usually in the form of pallets, is added to an extursion machine

Various techniques can be used to form plastic products, but the most important ones are extrusion, calendaring, vacuum forming and moulding

Plastics products are typically made from powder, pallets, or resins.

THE CLASSIFICASTION OF PLASTICS

Industrial plastics

Nylon

Cellophane

Teflon

Methacrylate

Polystryrene

Expanded

Moulded

Polypropylene

low-density polyethylene

Polyvinyl chloride

High-density polyethylene

Polyethylene terephthalate

CLASSIFICATION BY INTERNAL STRUCTURE

Elastomers

Thermosetting plastics

Thermoplastics

PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS

Energy recovery

biodegradable plastic

Non-biodegradable plastic

recyclable

mechanical recycling

Chemical recycling

Impermeable

light

Malleable because they can be pressed into the sheets

Ductible because they can be pulled to make theads

good electrical, thermal and acoustic insulators

Physically resistant

THE TRANSFORMATION OF PLASTICS

Chemical additives can aslso be used, such as plasticizers which increase the flexibility and the resistance of the final product.

During the manufacturing process, fillers may be added to reduce the cost of production and enhance certain properties of the raw materials

THE ORIGIN OF PLASTICS

SYNTHETIC PLASTICS

NATURAL PLASTICS

Consists of long chains of molecules, mostly made of the element carbon