LEARNERS

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LEARNERS

Theories of learning and child development

Stephen Krashen

Affective filter Hypothesis:

The filter is lowered when students feel highly motivated, have a strong sense of self and are not anxious. However if they feel anxious, have a low self- steem, the affective filters are raised. We have to mantain the filter down.

Jerome Bruner

Any learner is able to learn almost anything, provided that the instruction is organised properly

Abraham Maslow

A hierarchy of needs that learners have

Lev Vigotsky

Children learn best in the ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT (ZPD)

Jean Piaget

His strong belief was that children construct personal meaning trough action:

making things

moving

playing

Learning community

Remember important things about each person of the community

Likes/ dislikes

Family

Birthday

Work/ School

Comunity traits

Tolerance

Acceptance

Respect

Helpfulness

Kindness

What to do about students differences

Encourage LEARNER AUTONOMY, by offering LEARNER TRAINING

Keep a record of what kinds of activities are successful with the differents types of students

Use different lessons to cater different kinds of students

How students differ

Learning styles

-Enthusiastics -rebels -communicative learners - analytic learners

MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES (Howard Gardner theory)

-Spatial -linguistic -logical mathematical -musical -bodily-kinaesthetic -intrapersonal -naturalistic -existencial

For some of them, one intelligence is more developed than other.

Some students have more APTITUDE for language learning than others and a lot will depend on what their MOTIVATION is.

The good learners

Have a good self-image and confidence

Analize the way they and others talk

Practise whenever they can

Try to figure out how language works

Is repared to make mistakes

Try to get their message across even if their knowledge of the language isn't very good

Try to guess when they don´t know something

Age and managment

Age plays a significant role in how teachers deal with students

Considering

-Attention Spam -Metacognitive engagement -Activities and tasks -Motivation -Behavioral issues -Teacher roles