Penology

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The New Penology

The question covers a number of central concerns. These are:

The links between political persuations and the application of punishment.

The tumultious nature of punishment in recent years.

The rise of risk within penology

Actuarial Justice and the management of risk

CONCLUSION

Main points of evaluation

Main points of analysis

Objective

Aim

Recap

INTRODUCTION

Reasoning

What was the reasoning behind these choices?

Content

What/Which research, studies, philosophies, theories, evidence have you analysed, evaluated, explored, discussed in an attempt to answer the question.

Context

In what context does the question relate to?

Objectives

How might you answer the question?

Aims:

What is the question asking?

DESCRIPTION

How and Why to Punish?

These are just a few of the many questions surrounding the social institution that is punishment

Defining Features of Punishment

Condemnation and censure

Expressive Function Of Punishment

What message are we trying to send on a specific/general level when we seek to pnuish

Definition of Punishment

Provide an official/unofficial definition

COMPARE/CONTRACT

Alternative Approach to Penology

Rehabilitation

Deconstructive CJS

Constructive CJS

Utilitarian as opposed to retributive practices

Attempts to bring about a beneficial change to the i ndividual/society

Actor as opposed to action orientated

Treatment as opposed to management of crime

CRITICAL EVALUATION

Validity

With the death of the reformative ideal, regulation and containment of the ‘dangerous classes’ has come to the front.

Impact

The approach has been described by Feeley and Simon (1992) as the ‘New Penology’.

Focus

Uses technology and statistical calculations to enhance the risk management of high risk offenders

Purpose

The goal of the new penology is not to eliminate crime but instead to make it tolerable (Feeley and Simon, 1992).

Actuarial Justice

This represents a 'sea-change' in crime management, crime opportunities and risk distribution rather than the management of individual offenders.

Developments in Penology

Ill considered but attention grabbing tough on crime proposals

Media Imagery

The preoccupation with media imagery has led to support for harsh, symbolic policies illustrated in the White Paper: The people are sick and tired of a sentencing system that does not make sense’ (Home Office, 2002:86).

Penology

Crime control policy in England and Wales of late has been tumultuous evidenced in the Halliday Report and the Criminal Justice Act, 2003

CRITICAL ANALYSIS

Cost of Punishment

Issues of cost have led to ill thought out policies and knee jerk responses to crime in the form of alternatives to custody.

Political Issues

Difficulties stem from the political need for the public acceptance of policies and practices as public opinion is a crucial element.

Public Fear of Crime

And their Apparent Desire of Tough Sentences- what is the impact of this in terms of Penal Policy?

Punishment as a Social Response to Crime

These may reflect political and ideological principles