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Anatomical Terminology

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Basal ganglia

Motor loop

Basal ganglia output is via the thalamus which feeds back to the cortex

Input to the basal ganglia comes from the associative and motor cortex

Modulate upper motor neurons in the motor cortex via a feedback loop

Movement

Increasing evidence suggests basal ganglia are also involved in non-motor tasks

Stimulate specific movements and inhibit unwanted movements

Basal ganglia are involved in the regulation of motor activity

Input to the B.G. motor circuit

Anatomy

Substantia nigra

Pars reticulata

Pars compacta

Subthalamic nucleus

Lentiform nucleus

Globus Pallidus

External (GPe)

internal (GPI)

Striatum

Putamen

Caudate