Chemical Nomenclature

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Phosphorus Trichloride

Most polyatomic ions are oxyacid which means that the acid/compound contains oxygen

Mono is only used on the second element, if the first element has one atom it would not use prefix.

part 2 Common molecules

NaCl Sodium and chloride come together to form table salt which is used for everyday life also in mostly food.

CO2 One carbon and two oxygen come together to form carbon dioxide which is a harmful gas

Covalent bond

H20 2 hydrogen and one oxygen come together and form water which we use in everydaylife to stay hydrated, cook food, clean our body etc.

ionic compound

Chemical Namings

Ions

-Is a charged particle when the atom has gained or lost electrons -The formula for an atom losing or gaining electron is called ionic charge

For example The ionic charge for Lithium would be + 1 because there is one more proton than electrons The formula would be

Atoms

For example Lithium has 3 protons, 3 electrons and 4 neutrons

Is a subatomic particle that has an equal number of electrons and protons which makes it neutral

Criss-Cross method

Since nitrogen has 3 as its charge, there will be 3 beryllium

3 beryllium= +6 charge

Since Beryllium has 2 as its charge, there will be 2 Nitrogen

2 nitrogen= -6 charge

The criss cross method does a simpler and easier way of writing the compound formula after understanding the concept.

Polyatomic ions

Binary acids

Binary acids are molecular compounds that is combined with the element hydrogen.

For example

Is a group of atoms with a charge

Chemical formula: NH4Cl

Cl also known as Chlorine is Metal atom with -1 charge

NH4 also known as Ammonium is a polyatomic ion because it is a chemical of Nitrogen and hydrogen which looks like this.

Since the amount of electrons is equal there is no need to add more atoms

Multivalent ionic compound

Chemical names with transition metal have roman numeral numbers because it shows how much charge the atom has, since transition metals can have multiple charges.

Multivalent atoms are transition metals because they have more than one charge

These middle elements are called transition metals

Purple ones

Chemical formula: FeN3 Chemical Name: Iron(III) Nitrate

To make chemical formula both the atoms need to have the equal amounts of charges and in this case both the atoms have the same amount of charge

Metals

metal ion

positive charge

Cation

a positively charged ion

Non-Metals

Non metal atoms

Non metal ion

negatively charged

Suffix

"-ide"

Only non metal atoms always have the suffix ending of ide at the end of every chemical name. (the suffix only applies to the non metallic atoms)

Anion

a negatively charged ion

Two non metals

Molecular compounds

formed with 2 or more non metals

Diatomics

these are molecules of only 2 atoms that can only be seen together

These diatmoic elements are only seen alone when they are in a a compound with another atom

Iodine

Bromine

Chlorine

Fluorine

Oxygen

Hydrogen

short form to memorize the seven diatomic molecules

Lewis dot diagrams for covalent bonds

Lewis dot diagram is a diagram that shows the valence electrons of the atom

Valence electron are the electrons on the most outter shell of the bohr rutherford diagram

Lewis Dot Diagram for carbon

Bohr Rutherford Diagram for carbon

Carbon has 4 electrons on its most outer shell while makes carbon have 4 valance electrons

H2O

Step 1: Count the total number of valence electrons in the compound

Step 2: write the skeleton structure and place the element that needs the most electrons in the middle.

Step 3: Use two valence electrons to form each bond in the skeleton structure

Step 4: Add the remaining electrons to the center atom (make octets)

Now that 4 electrons are in its place, hydrogen has received all the electrons it needs, while oxygen still requires 4 more....so the four electrons would be placed on oxygen

Subtopic

Hydrogen only needs one electron while oxygen needs 2 so in that case oxygen would go in the middle

Covalent bonds

Is a attraction that holds together 2 atoms which (only non metals

Prefixs

covalent compounds naming always starts with prefix in front on the element name to indicate how many atoms the compound consists of.

Ex. PF3 P - Phosphorus - 1 (since its only 1 atom there would be no prefix in front) F - Fluorine - 3 (since it has 3 atom the prefix would be tri)

Phosphorus trifluoride

Ionic compound

Special cases

NO2 + H2O  HNO3

Simplifying equations

C6H12O6

CH6O

Harder compounds

Barium nitride

-3 electron charge

-6 electron charge with 2 nitrogen atoms

Barium

Both barium and nitrogen should have he same amount of charge in order for the elements to react with each other

2 electron charge

6 electron charge with 3 barium atoms

now both have equal amount of charges where the compound consists of 3 bariums and 2 nitrogen

Lewis dot diagram

Only represents the most outer shell electrons (valance electrons)

Sodium Nitride

Nitrogen

N^-3

There will be 3 sodium (Na) atoms

Na has one valence electrons so 3 sodium atoms would have a total of 3 valences electrons

This is called the skeleton structure which is the first part of the lewis dot diagram. N (Nitrogen) is in the middle because nitrogen needs the most electrons (needs 8 valence electrons but only has 5). Nitrogen can make a bridge all three sides to share electrons with sodium as sodium only needs 1 electron.

Now nitrogen shares 2 electrons with each sodium atom where sodium receives it 1 missing electrons and nitrogen receives 6 electrons in total, and the remaining 2 electrons go to nitrogen for its missing 2 electrons for the most outer shell

Lines also represent the electrons dot. 1 line = 2 electrons, 2 lines = 4 electrons, 3 lines = 6 electrons etc.

1x3=3

Sodium

Na^1

There will be on nitrogen (N) atoms

N has five valence electrons so 1 nitrogen atoms would have a total of 5 valence electrons

5x1=5

Br3N2

Also known as a binary ionic

A mixture of two things

Ionic bonds

Is a attraction that would hold a positive and negative charged ions together in a compound. It's a transfer of electrons from a metal to a non metal.

Is a chemical bond or compound that is formed by two or more ions that are held together (metal ions and non-metal ions)

Naming compounds

How ionic compounds are formed

part 1